Calcifications in Thyroid Tumors on Ultrasonography: Calcification Types and Relationship with Histopathological Type

Abstract The purpose of the study is to clarify the prevalence of calcifications within thyroid tumors on ultrasonography as well as the relationship between the calcification and histopathological types. Calcifications were classified into 6 (or 8) types according to their shape, size, and region. The prevalence of calcifications and types were investigated in new outpatients and patients who underwent thyroid surgery.Among 2,902 nodules in 2,678 new outpatients, 747 nodules (26%) had calcifications. The types showed a wide distribution. Among 941 patients with papillary carcinoma (PC), 725 patients (77%) had calcifications, and the types showed a wide distribution. 18 patients with the diffuse sclerosing variant of PC only showed punctate microcalcifications in the parenchyma (100%), 32 patients with the cyst-forming type of PC mostly fragmentary and massive types (100%), and 161 metastatic lymph nodes from PC mostly punctate microcalcifications and fragmentary types (48%). Among 337 patients with follicular carcinoma, 79 patients (23%) had calcifications, and the types were mostly fragmentary, massive, and egg-shell types. Among 41 patients with undifferentiated carcinoma, 33 patients (80%) presented with calcifications, which were mostly the massive and egg-shell types. Among 137 patients with medullary carcinoma, 99 patients (72%) had calcification, and the types showed a wide distribution. None of 173 patients with primary thyroid lymphoma had calcifications (0%).Calcifications on ultrasonography can be one of the characteristic findings and a full understanding of the prevalence of calcifications and types will markedly contribute to the ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid tumors.

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Periostin Expression and Its Roles in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: an Immunohistochemical Study of 105 Cases

10.21203/rs.3.rs-202219/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kimihide Kusafuka ◽

Masaru Yamashita ◽

Tomohiro Iwasaki ◽

Chinatsu Tsuchiya ◽

Aki Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Follicular Adenoma ◽

Follicular Carcinoma ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Tumors ◽

Tumor Invasiveness ◽

Adenomatous Goiter ◽

Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽

Poorly Differentiated

Abstract Background. Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, especially follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, is related to tumor invasiveness. We aimed to elucidate the role of PON in thyroid tumors.Method. We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions. Results. PAC and MIC exhibited stromal PON deposition, especially in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC demonstrated quite strong PON expression.Except for it, we could not find any significantly histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it demonstrated strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, especially at the invasive front.Conclusions. PON plays a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, especially PAC and UCa, whereas it acts as a barrier against the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.

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Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis And Cancer: A Review

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Rita Hajj Boutros ◽

Ibrahim Salti

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

The Other ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Fine Needle Aspirate ◽

Thyroid Lymphoma ◽

Primary Thyroid Lymphoma ◽

The Relationship ◽

Existing Data

Background: No consensus exists on the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and cancer. To resolve this controversy, this review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the two conditions. Methods: Using Pub-Med database, we searched studies relevant to the topic focusing on the association between HT and Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC), as well as the association between HT and Primary Thyroid Lymphoma (PTL). Findings: Both HT and PTC are common worldwide, and the two conditions may be closely related. However, the relationship remains controversial. Some studies found that PTC coexisted with HT 2.8-fold more frequently, with variable prevalence ranging from 0.5 to 30%. In contrast to surgical and pathological series that suggested a positive correlation between the two diseases and even a cause-and-effect relationship, the other studies evaluating fine-needle aspirate specimens did not find a statistically significant correlation. On the other hand, the relationship between PTL and HT appears well established. Conclusion: The existing data provide inconsistent evidence favoring a causal relationship between HT and PTC. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship. However patients with HT are at risk for PTL. Therefore careful observation and follow-up of HT patients is recommended.

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Periostin expression and its supposed roles in benign and malignant thyroid nodules: an immunohistochemical study of 105 cases

Diagnostic Pathology ◽

10.1186/s13000-021-01146-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kimihide Kusafuka ◽

Masaru Yamashita ◽

Tomohiro Iwasaki ◽

Chinatsu Tsuchiya ◽

Aki Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Follicular Adenoma ◽

Follicular Carcinoma ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Tumors ◽

Tumor Invasiveness ◽

Adenomatous Goiter ◽

Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽

Poorly Differentiated

Abstract Background Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, particularly follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, has been implicated in tumor invasiveness. We herein aimed to elucidate the expression status and localization of PON in thyroid tumors. Method We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions. Results Stromal PON deposition was detected in PAC and MIC, particularly in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC showed quite strong PON expression. Except for it, we could not find any significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. There were no other significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it showed strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, particularly at the invasive front. Conclusions PON may play a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, particularly PAC and UCa, whereas it may act as a barrier to the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.

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Pola kanker tiroid periode Juli 2013 – Juni 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.4.2.2016.14475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yolanda Parura ◽

Victor Pontoh ◽

Marselus Werung

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Carcinoma ◽

Malignant Disease ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Follicular Carcinoma ◽

Female Gender ◽

Medullary Carcinoma ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Thyroid Carcinomas ◽

Histopathological Type

Abstract: Thyroid cancer is a common malignant disease found in endocrine system and is increasing in incidence every year, in Indonesia found around 9 from 10 malignancy. Based on histopathological types, thyroid carcinomas are divided into papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinomas. The most common are papillary carcinoma and then follicular carcinoma. Factors that can influence the histopathological type of thyroid carcinomas is geographical factor, which most commonly found in mountainous areas. Thyroid cancer is rare in men, most often in women with a ratio of 1: 3.Conclusion: Female gender, mountainous terrain and adulthood to older people who suffered most thyroid cancer. Keywords: thyroid cancer Abstrak: Kanker tiroid penyakit keganasan tersering ditemukan pada sistim endokrin dan insidennya meningkat setiap tahun, di Indonesia menempati urutan 9 dari 10 keganasan yang sering ditemukan. Berdasarkan gambaran histopatologinya, karsinoma tiroid dibagi menjadi tipe papiler, folikuler, meduler, dan anaplastik. Kasus terbanyak adalah karsinoma tiroid papiler dan terbanyak kedua adalah karsinoma tiroid folikular. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid adalah keadaan geografis, dimana paling banyak ditemukan pada daerah pegunungan. Kanker tiroid jarang terjadi pada laki-laki, paling sering pada perempuan dengan perbandingan 1:3. Simpulan: Jenis kelamin perempuan, daerah pegunungan dan usia dewasa sampai lanjut usia yang paling banyak menderita kanker tiroid. Kata kunci: kanker tiroid

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