Histologic Findings of Choroidal Vasculopathy in Eyes Enucleated following Radiation Therapy for Uveal Melanoma: Radiation Choroidopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Platt ◽  
Diva R. Salomao ◽  
Jose Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Radiation Retinopathy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Choroidal Vessels ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy

Abstract Introduction Little has been published about the choroidal vascular changes that occur years after radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to review the histological changes observed in the choroidal vasculature following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods Records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from June 7, 2007 to June 7, 2017; 101 patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma that underwent enucleation had their records reviewed. Out of these, a total of 26 eyes had undergone plaque brachytherapy prior to enucleation, which had been performed at a mean time of 7.2 years (range from 0 years to 30 years) after the initial plaque placement. A histopathologic analysis was conducted on all 26 eyes with special emphasis on the choroidal changes. Of these 26 eyes, 18 demonstrated evidence of radiation-induced vasculopathy. Results Of the 18 eyes, 10/18 (55%) had radiation retinopathy and 16/18 (89%) had radiation choroidal vasculopathy. One patient had a phthisical eye, and the choroid could not be evaluated because the characteristics of the vasculature could not be determined. Nine cases had vitreous hemorrhage (50%), all cases had radiation retinopathy, and 8/9 (89%) had radiation choroidopathy. Of the 16 cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only intratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, and, thus, 10/16 (32%) had both intratumoral and extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy. In patients with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 2/16 (13%) had hyalinization of the choroidal vessels. Another 3/16 (19%) cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy had ectatic vessels. The other 11/16 (68%) had evidence of both hyalinization of the choroidal vessels as well as ectatic vessels in the choroid. Histological evidence of radiation retinopathy and choroidopathy were seen in 69% of eyes enucleated after receiving radiation therapy, which, in some cases, also had vitreous hemorrhage. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal choroidal anastomoses (RAP-type lesions) were seen in 12 of the 16 eyes (75%). Discussion/Conclusion Irradiation of malignant tumors of the eye causes not only radiation retinopathy but also radiation choroidopathy. The role of radiation choroidopathy in the subsequent visual loss following radiotherapy and the role of anti-VEGF therapy needs to be recognized and distinguished from radiation retinopathy. Our data adds to the prior limited knowledge that radiation affects the choroid and can induce specific phenotypes similar to the clinical spectrum of CNV, PCV, and RAP.

Systemic and intravesical treatment of post-radiation cystitis: the role of hyaluronic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
E. I. Gutrova ◽  
◽  
D. I. Petrov ◽  
T. B. Grigorenko ◽  
A. A. Simonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The data presented in the review indicate that despite modern advances in chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy of neoplasms, radiation therapy is a common method of treating malignant tumors of various localization. The most compelling evidence of efficacy exists for systemic therapy with TCDO / WF10, cranberry capsules, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid preparations. The presence of many methods of treatment of radiation-induced cystitis described in the literature: systemic, local with the use of physical methods, combinations of different methods – indicates the absence of a single concept for the prevention and treatment of this severe complication of radiation therapy justifies the relevance of further study of treatment protocols from the standpoint of evidence-based and personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.  V. Dengina ◽  
T. V. Mitin ◽  
I.  V. Tsimafeyeu ◽  
S.  V. Usychkin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Local Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oligometastatic Cancer

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of cancer patients with oligometastases.

scholarly journals Oesophageal-pericardial fistula: a rare complication of radiation-induced oesophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1099
Author(s):  
Pauline Denglos ◽  
Frederiek Nuytens ◽  
Guillaume Piessen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Endovascular Repair ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Fistula Track

Abstract Oesophageal-pericardial fistula after radiation therapy for lung cancer is a rare complication associated with a high mortality. In this case report, we present the case of 52-year-old women with late radiation-induced oesophagitis after chemoradiotherapy for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, complicated by an oesophageal-pericardial fistula for which a transthoracic oesophagectomy with pericardial drainage was performed. The postoperative course was complicated by a fatal hypovolaemic shock due to a perforation of the descending aorta near the initial fistula track. In this case report, we illustrate the importance of thorough inspection of diagnostic images in this context and emphasize the role of endovascular repair in case an associated aortic perforation is suspected.

scholarly journals The Role of Combined Therapy in the Treatment of Retinopathy and Optic Neuropathy Due to Radiotherapy in the Uveal Melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Yasemin Benderli Cihan
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Transpupillary Thermotherapy ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Radiation Retinopathy ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Plaque Brachytherapy

Abstract Introduction Uveal melanoma has a relatively low incidence. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT), hypofractioned stereotactic radiotherapy (RT), stereotactic radiosurgery, plaque brachytherapy, charged particle radiation therapy, local tumor resection, enucleation, and exantation are applied in the treatment. Methods The importance given to radiotherapy has increased to get more satisfactory results while treating the patient. However, it is the treatment of radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy from complications. Results Radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy are the most important complications related to radiotherapy in the treatment of uveal melanoma. In recent years, many studies have been performed on the treatment of radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Conclusion The consecutive use of triamcinolone in combination with anti-VEGF supports that it may be a future therapeutic agent in the treatment of complications.

The role of post-operative radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the parotid gland

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Imperato ◽  
Ralph R. Weichselbaum ◽  
Thomas J. Ervin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors

scholarly journals Radiation-induced brain injury: current concepts and therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casmir Turnquist ◽  
Brent T Harris ◽  
Curtis C Harris
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Continued improvements in cancer therapies have increased the number of long-term cancer survivors. Radiation therapy remains one of the primary treatment modalities with about 60% of newly diagnosed cancer patients receiving radiation during the course of their disease. While radiation therapy has dramatically improved patient survival in a number of cancer types, the late effects remain a significant factor affecting the quality of life particularly in pediatric patients. Radiation-induced brain injury can result in cognitive dysfunction, including hippocampal-related learning and memory dysfunction that can escalate to dementia. In this article, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind radiation-induced brain injury focusing on the role of neuroinflammation and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. Approaches to prevent or ameliorate treatment-induced side effects are also discussed along with remaining challenges in the field.

Radiation-Induced Schwannomas of the Neuraxis. Report of Three Cases

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Salvati ◽  
Pasquale Ciappetta ◽  
Antonino Raco ◽  
Raffaela Capone ◽  
Marco Artico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiation Induced Tumors

We report 3 cases of possible radiation-induced schwannomas observed in our Department. Their salient clinical and pathogenetic features are analyzed and the role of radiation therapy in the oncogenesis of these lesions is discussed. Several cases of radiation-induced tumors, including some of the nervous system, have been reported, but schwannomas have only occasionally been reported in connection with ionizing radiation. The possible adjuvant role of antineoplastic drugs is also discussed, and the literature on this topic is reviewed.

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