Systemic and intravesical treatment of post-radiation cystitis: the role of hyaluronic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
E. I. Gutrova ◽  
◽  
D. I. Petrov ◽  
T. B. Grigorenko ◽  
A. A. Simonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The data presented in the review indicate that despite modern advances in chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy of neoplasms, radiation therapy is a common method of treating malignant tumors of various localization. The most compelling evidence of efficacy exists for systemic therapy with TCDO / WF10, cranberry capsules, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid preparations. The presence of many methods of treatment of radiation-induced cystitis described in the literature: systemic, local with the use of physical methods, combinations of different methods – indicates the absence of a single concept for the prevention and treatment of this severe complication of radiation therapy justifies the relevance of further study of treatment protocols from the standpoint of evidence-based and personalized medicine.

Histologic Findings of Choroidal Vasculopathy in Eyes Enucleated following Radiation Therapy for Uveal Melanoma: Radiation Choroidopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Platt ◽  
Diva R. Salomao ◽  
Jose Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Radiation Retinopathy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Choroidal Vessels ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy

Abstract Introduction Little has been published about the choroidal vascular changes that occur years after radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to review the histological changes observed in the choroidal vasculature following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods Records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from June 7, 2007 to June 7, 2017; 101 patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma that underwent enucleation had their records reviewed. Out of these, a total of 26 eyes had undergone plaque brachytherapy prior to enucleation, which had been performed at a mean time of 7.2 years (range from 0 years to 30 years) after the initial plaque placement. A histopathologic analysis was conducted on all 26 eyes with special emphasis on the choroidal changes. Of these 26 eyes, 18 demonstrated evidence of radiation-induced vasculopathy. Results Of the 18 eyes, 10/18 (55%) had radiation retinopathy and 16/18 (89%) had radiation choroidal vasculopathy. One patient had a phthisical eye, and the choroid could not be evaluated because the characteristics of the vasculature could not be determined. Nine cases had vitreous hemorrhage (50%), all cases had radiation retinopathy, and 8/9 (89%) had radiation choroidopathy. Of the 16 cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only intratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, and, thus, 10/16 (32%) had both intratumoral and extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy. In patients with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 2/16 (13%) had hyalinization of the choroidal vessels. Another 3/16 (19%) cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy had ectatic vessels. The other 11/16 (68%) had evidence of both hyalinization of the choroidal vessels as well as ectatic vessels in the choroid. Histological evidence of radiation retinopathy and choroidopathy were seen in 69% of eyes enucleated after receiving radiation therapy, which, in some cases, also had vitreous hemorrhage. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal choroidal anastomoses (RAP-type lesions) were seen in 12 of the 16 eyes (75%). Discussion/Conclusion Irradiation of malignant tumors of the eye causes not only radiation retinopathy but also radiation choroidopathy. The role of radiation choroidopathy in the subsequent visual loss following radiotherapy and the role of anti-VEGF therapy needs to be recognized and distinguished from radiation retinopathy. Our data adds to the prior limited knowledge that radiation affects the choroid and can induce specific phenotypes similar to the clinical spectrum of CNV, PCV, and RAP.

scholarly journals Intravesical Instillation of Sodium Hyaluronate (Cystistat®) for the Treatment of Patients with Radiation Cystitis-Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Allameh ◽  
Abbas Basiri ◽  
Saleh Ghiasy ◽  
Atefeh Javadi ◽  
Seyyed Ali Hojjati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
The Mean

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a choice to manage pelvic organ malignancies that can affect bladder; therefore, it causes radiation cystitis with some bothering urinary symptoms and decreasing the patient’s quality of life. Intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) is an agent with promising results in some studies for cystitis, and Cystistat is a derivative of hyaluronic acid. Objectives: This clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of intravesical instillation of Cystistat on symptoms of radiation cystitis and quality of life (QOL). Methods: A total of 58 patients with radiation cystitis were randomized in 2 groups (case: 30, control: 28). One group received intravesical Cystistat, the other received normal saline weekly for up to 4 weeks and then monthly for up to 2 months. Hematuria, Visual Analog scale (VAS) and QOL based on King’s Health questionnaire were compared before and 3, 6 and 9 months after intravesical instillation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.93 ± 10.89 years old. The mean of each sub-category of QOL and total score of QOL, as well as, VAS score were significantly improved in comparison to the control group at each time of follow-ups (P < 0.05). Hematuria was significantly different in the 3rd, 6th and 9th month of follow-ups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Findings showed that patients with radiation cystitis could significantly benefit from intravesical instillation of HA, their hematuria would be successfully resolved rather than control group in addition to lowering the VAS score, so their QOL would be improved.

scholarly journals LATE RADIATION TOXICITY AFTER RADICAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR GENITAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
O. Sukhina ◽  
◽  
K. Nemaltsova ◽  
O. Panov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Female Genital

Radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the female genital area, even with the use of modern radiotherapy equipment and dosimetric planning, causes the development of local radiation changes. An approach involving methods of general and local exposure is used in their treatment. One of the most promising directions is the creation of optimal combinations of medicines (in the form of ointments, gels, aerosols, suppositories, etc.), which have a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory process. The article reflects the clinical course and stage of occurrence of late radiation reactions of the skin, vaginal/cervix mucosa, bladder, and intestines, as well as the features of their treatment. Literary data and own practical experience in the treatment of radiation complications are presented. When reviewing the topic under study, it could be concluded that the leading cause of the development of local radiation damage is the errors in the planning and implementation of radiation therapy, when high absorbed doses that exceed the tolerance of healthy tissues are used. Another reason for this is the poor accounting for dose distribution of ionizing radiation in tissues, the presence of concomitant diseases in patients, and the underestimation of the long-term effects of radiation. Key words: female genital organs, radiation damage, radiodermatitis, radioepitheliitis, radiation rectitis, radiation cystitis.

scholarly journals Radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.  V. Dengina ◽  
T. V. Mitin ◽  
I.  V. Tsimafeyeu ◽  
S.  V. Usychkin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Local Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oligometastatic Cancer

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of cancer patients with oligometastases.

scholarly journals Oesophageal-pericardial fistula: a rare complication of radiation-induced oesophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1099
Author(s):  
Pauline Denglos ◽  
Frederiek Nuytens ◽  
Guillaume Piessen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Endovascular Repair ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Fistula Track

Abstract Oesophageal-pericardial fistula after radiation therapy for lung cancer is a rare complication associated with a high mortality. In this case report, we present the case of 52-year-old women with late radiation-induced oesophagitis after chemoradiotherapy for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, complicated by an oesophageal-pericardial fistula for which a transthoracic oesophagectomy with pericardial drainage was performed. The postoperative course was complicated by a fatal hypovolaemic shock due to a perforation of the descending aorta near the initial fistula track. In this case report, we illustrate the importance of thorough inspection of diagnostic images in this context and emphasize the role of endovascular repair in case an associated aortic perforation is suspected.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ORTHODONTIC CARE IN THE COMPLEX REHABILITATION OF GLOSSECTOMY PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Mansur ◽  
◽  
D.V. Verstakov ◽  
L.N. Scherbakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Jaw Abnormalities ◽  
Orthodontic Devices ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

n recent years, Russia has seen an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the mouth and throat, including tongue cancer. Surgical methods of treatment of cancer of such localization have a crippling character and inevitably lead to disruption of a number of vital functions, including the development of tooth-jaw deformities, which further deteriorates the quality of life of such patients. Timely prescription of orthodontic devices for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes allows to prevent the development of tooth jaw abnormalities and deformities, as well as to treat the already developed pathology.

The role of post-operative radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the parotid gland

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Imperato ◽  
Ralph R. Weichselbaum ◽  
Thomas J. Ervin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors

Taste Loss and Recovery Following Radiation Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Sandow ◽  
M. Hejrat-Yazdi ◽  
M.W. Heft
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Taste Detection ◽  
One Way Anova

Previous investigators have reported deficits in taste acuity in patients following radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer. In the present longitudinal study, 13 patients (mean age = 51.6 yrs) received conventional or hyperfractionated radiotherapy (63–76.8 Gy) for primary tumors of the oropharynx. One or both parotid glands and at least two-thirds of the tongue were included in the radiation field. Smell recognition and taste detection thresholds were determined at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year post-radiation. Differences for smell recognition and the 4 taste qualities were assessed (independently) at the 4 time intervals, with a one-way ANOVA. Smell recognition was unaffected by radiation. There were significant elevations in thresholds for sweet (p < 0.005), salty (p < 0.005), bitter (p < 0.005), and sour (p< 0.001) during radiation therapy that were restored to baseline levels at 6 months and 1 year after radiation. This study demonstrated that radiation-induced taste deficits can be recovered by 6 months.

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