Резонансная микроволновая спектроскопия полупроводников с микронным разрешением

We have proposed and experimentally verified a local method of microwave resonant spectroscopy of semiconductors. The microwave circuit of the spectrometer based on the Cascade Microtech probe station is equipped with a coaxial resonator of special geometry. As result, the measurement accuracy of the previously developed volt-impedance spectroscopy method was greatly increased. A technique for spectrometer calibration and resonant measurements of the complex impedance of the probe-sample system has been developed. We have measured the impedance of test structures with Schottky contacts of 30 - 60 μm in diameter on a single-crystal GaAs wafer at several discrete frequencies in the range of 50 - 250 MHz. The nontrivial resistive properties of the structures are studied, which consist of the excess resistance that is 1–2 orders higher than the spreading resistance for the alternating current in the unperturbed region of the semiconductor. The discovered effect is presumably associated with the a.c. charge modulation on deep levels of the semiconductor. A model calculation of the impedance spectrum has been performed, which demonstrates a good agreement with the experimental spectra.

NEW APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHNIANIASIS BY MAN NITOL

The present study was carried outinHaWija District and surrounding villages. Three villages were chosen (Al-Kadhemia,Sader A1-Naher, A1-Ameniea). The high incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was during the Winter months (December 1996 to March 1997). The total positive cases were 227 ( 111 males and 116 females). The highest incidence rate was among childeren fiom 1-10 years old. Intralesional mannitol solution was shown to be more effective ( 93.89% ) than Hypertonic Sodium Chloride 7% (HSCS) ( 87.50% ) but almost identical to pentostam ( 96.20% ). Most of lesions were cured in first and second injection, in all three treated groups but few of them needed the third injection. In all three treated groups, the scar was absent or minimum afier healing. None of the control lesions cured-within 6-8 Weeks. It is concluded that 20% rnannitol is aneffective local method of treatment for acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. The efficacy of 20% of mannitol is identical to pentostam and greater than 7% “ HSCS”. i

Review of Peridynamics: Theory, Applications, and Future Perspectives

The modelling and simulation of material degradations, particularly fractures in solids of different lengths and time scales, remains challenging despite the numerous approaches that have been developed. In this review, the focus is set on research work concerned with a very promising non-local method: peridynamic modelling. With this approach, continuous phenomena may be described, and the complete evolution (i.e., initiation, propagation, branching, or coalescence) of cracks and other discontinuities can be followed in solids in an integrated framework. Evaluating the large number of publications on this topic, the authors chose to present concisely the key concepts, applications, and results in identifying possible future paths: the incorporation of mechanics of large deformations and material nonlinearities, and the development of high-efficiency peridynamic solvers. This review does not intersect with recent relevant reviews, which reflects its significance to readers.

Chemical properties of nira aren (Arenga pinnata) from Lareh Sago Halaban District of West Sumatera, Indonesia

Nira is the fresh liquor taken from the Palm Plant (Arenga pinnata). On the local method, Nira has harvested twice a day, in the morning and the afternoon. Ten hours of spontaneously fermented incubation had faced by the Nira before it ready to serve. The study aimed to determine the chemical properties of Nira, likely protein, fat content, water content, pH, and TTA (Total Titrable Acid) of the Lareh Sago Halaban District. The method used was the descriptive method and analysis in the laboratory. The sample of this study was taken from four different sub-district, which are Padang Tangah (NPT), Batu Payung (NBP), Sitanang (NST), and Lareh nan Panjang (NLP). The result revealed that the protein content was 0,33% -0,38%. The highest was in NPT Nira, 0,14% -0,44% fat content and the highest was in NBP nira, 87,46% -90,29% water content and the highest in NST Nira, pH 6,8-7,0 and highest in NPT and NST Nira, Alcohol content 0-0,66% and highest in NBP Nira. Since fermentation spontaneously happens on Nira, there is always a chance to find Microorganisms to applicate on milk fermented to support human health.

Improved interval methods for solving circle packing problems in the unit square

In this work computer-assisted optimality proofs are given for the problems of finding the densest packings of 31, 32, and 33 non-overlapping equal circles in a square. In a study of 2005, a fully interval arithmetic based global optimization method was introduced for the problem class, solving the cases 28, 29, 30. Until now, these were the largest problem instances solved on a computer. Using the techniques of that paper, the estimated solution time for the next three cases would have been 3–6 CPU months. In the present paper this former method is improved in both its local and global search phases. We discuss a new interval-based polygon representation of the core local method for eliminating suboptimal regions, which has a simpler implementation, easier proof of correctness, and faster behaviour than the former one. Furthermore, a modified strategy is presented for the global phase of the search, including improved symmetry filtering and tile pattern matching. With the new method the cases $$n=31,32,33$$ n = 31 , 32 , 33 have been solved in 26, 61, and 13 CPU hours, giving high precision enclosures for all global optimizers and the optimum value. After eliminating the hardware and compiler improvements since the former study, the new proof technique became roughly about 40–100 times faster than the previous one. In addition, the new implementation is suitable for solving the next few circle packing instances with similar computational effort.

mproved Stereo Matching Algorithm based on Census Transform and Dynamic Histogram Cost Computation

Stereo matching is a significant subject in the stereo vision algorithm. Traditional taxonomy composition consists of several issues in the stereo correspondences process such as radiometric distortion, discontinuity, and low accuracy at the low texture regions. This new taxonomy improves the local method of stereo matching algorithm based on the dynamic cost computation for disparity map measurement. This method utilised modified dynamic cost computation in the matching cost stage. A modified Census Transform with dynamic histogram is used to provide the cost volume. An adaptive bilateral filtering is applied to retain the image depth and edge information in the cost aggregation stage. A Winner Takes All (WTA) optimisation is applied in the disparity selection and a left-right check with an adaptive bilateral median filtering are employed for final refinement. Based on the dataset of standard Middlebury, the taxonomy has better accuracy and outperformed several other state-ofthe-art algorithms. Keywords—Stereo matching, disparity map, dynamic cost, census transform, local method

Radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of cancer patients with oligometastases.

Local stereo matching algorithm using modified dynamic cost computation

Stereo matching is an essential subject in stereo vision architecture. Traditional framework composition consists of several constraints in stereo correspondences such as illumination variations in images and inadequate or non-uniform light due to uncontrollable environments. This work improves the local method stereo matching algorithm based on the dynamic cost computation method for depth measurement. This approach utilised modified dynamic cost computation in the matching cost. A modified census transform with dynamic histogram is used to provide the cost in the cost computation. The algorithm applied the fixed-window strategy with bilateral filtering to retain image depth information and edge in the cost aggregation stage. A winner takes all (WTA) optimisation and left-right check with adaptive bilateral median filtering are employed for disparity refinement. Based on the Middlebury benchmark dataset, the algorithm developed in this work has better accuracy and outperformed several other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods

This work aims to compare the performance of the single‑(SLUCM) and multilayer (BEP-Building effect parameterization) urban canopy models (UCMs) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), along with the application of two urban heat island (UHI) identification methods. The identification methods are: (1) the “classic method”, based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas; (2) the “local method” based on the temperature difference at each urban location when the model land use is considered urban, and when it is replaced by the dominant rural land use category of the urban surroundings. The study is performed as a case study for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, during the record-breaking August 2003 heatwave event. Two main differences were found in the UHI intensity (UHII) and spatial distribution between the identification methods: a reduction by half in the UHII during nighttime when using the local method; and a dipole signal in the daytime and nighttime UHI spatial pattern when using the classic method, associated with the sheltering effect provided by the high topography in the northern part of the city, that reduces the advective cooling in the lower areas under prevalent northern wind conditions. These results highlight the importance of using the local method in UHI modeling studies to fully isolate urban canopy and regional geographic contributions to the UHII and distribution. Considerable improvements were obtained in the near‑surface temperature representation by coupling WRF with the UCMs but better with SLUCM. The nighttime UHII over the most densely urbanized areas is lower in BEP, which can be linked to its larger nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and negative sensible heat (SH) fluxes. The latter may be associated with the lower surface skin temperature found in BEP, possibly owing to larger turbulent SH fluxes near the surface. Due to its higher urban TKE, BEP significantly overestimates the planetary boundary layer height compared with SLUCM and observations from soundings. The comparison with a previous study for the city of Lisbon shows that BEP model simulation results heavily rely on the number and distribution of vertical levels within the urban canopy.