Effekte einer begleiteten Nachsorge in der Post-Reha-Phase bei COPD-Patienten: eine kontrollierte Studie

Pneumologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella T. Eusterbrock ◽  
Ralf. J. Jochheim ◽  
Michael Badke ◽  
Ruth Deck

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ist eine chronisch degenerative Erkrankung, die durch eine irreversible Obstruktion der Atemwege gekennzeichnet ist. Der medizinischen Rehabilitation kommt beim Krankheitsmanagement eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Körperliches Training zählt zu den wichtigsten nichtmedikamentösen Therapiebausteinen. Die Effektivität stationärer pneumologischer Rehabilitation gilt als belegt, allerdings sind die Effekte nicht nachhaltig. Ziel der Studie Steigerung der Nachhaltigkeit von Rehabilitationserfolgen bei Patienten mit einer COPD durch ein begleitetes Nachsorgekonzept. Methode Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit des „Neuen Credo“ in einer monozentrischen, kontrollierten Längsschnittstudie mit 3 Messzeitpunkten (Reha-Beginn, Reha-Ende, 12-Monats-Follow-up). Eingeschlossen wurden Teilnehmer mit gesicherter COPD. Die Kontrollgruppe (KG) erhielt die leitliniengerechte Standardversorgung, die Interventionsgruppe (IG) durchlief Rehabilitation und Nachsorge gemäß dem Neuen Credo. Das Neue Credo ist ein Konzept, bei dem die Nachsorge bereits bei Reha-Beginn mitgedacht wird und das die Eigenverantwortung und Eigenkompetenz der Rehabilitanden betont. Es werden unterstützende Werkzeuge für Klinikmitarbeiter eingesetzt, u. a. eine „To-do-Liste“, Checklisten für Ärzte und Information für nachbetreuende Institutionen. Für die Rehabilitanden wird eine Gruppenstunde zur Nachsorge durchgeführt, sie führen verschiedene Tagebücher, die nach der Rehabilitation zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten an die Reha-Klinik zurückgeschickt werden. Die Klinik gibt den Rehabilitanden hierzu ein Feedback. Damit sollen Rehabilitanden bei der Aufrechterhaltung körperlicher Aktivität unterstützt werden. Primäre Zielgröße war die Teilhabe (Index zur Messung von Einschränkungen der Teilhabe, IMET-Score) im Intra- und Intergruppenvergleich zu 3 Messzeitpunkten. Sekundäre Zielgrößen waren: COPD Assessment Test (CAT), verschiedene Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) und das Ausmaß körperlicher Aktivität. Ergebnisse Nach Abschluss der Studie wurden die kompletten Daten von 149 Studienteilnehmern der IG und 135 Studienteilnehmern der KG herangezogen (Complete-Case-Analyse). Die Teilnehmer waren im Schnitt 64 Jahre alt, 57 % (IG) bzw. 67 % (KG) waren männlich. Die meisten Befragten wiesen einen COPD-Grad II–III auf. 12 Monate nach der Rehabilitation hat die IG beim primären Outcome Teilhabe den gleichen Wert wie zu Beginn der Rehabilitation (M = 30,8; SD = 21,8), die Kontrollgruppe verschlechtert sich (M = 41,3; SD = 24,7). Dieselben Befunde (Stabilität bei der IG, Verschlechterung bei der KG) zeigen sich auch bei den sekundären Outcomes. Im Zeitraum nach der Rehabilitation ergeben sich für die IG in den sekundären Outcomes geringere Verschlechterungen als für die KG, die Unterschiede werden nicht signifikant.Die IG berichtet hinsichtlich der Steigerung körperlicher Aktivität signifikant häufiger, dass sie ihre subjektiven Reha-Ziele erreichen konnte (69 % vs. 34 %, p < 0,01). Darüber hinaus hat sie das Ausmaß der körperlichen Aktivität in der Zeit nach der Reha in stärkerem Umfang als die KG gesteigert (p = 0,064). Die Teilnehmer der IG nutzen häufiger einen Sportverein (15 % vs. 5 %, p < 0,01) und betreiben im Katamnesezeitraum signifikant häufiger Ausdauersport (46 % vs. 21 %, p < 0,01). Schlussfolgerung Durch die Intervention mit dem Neuen Credo wurde für das primäre Outcome Teilhabe ein nachhaltiger Effekt (Effektstärke ES = ,40) im Vergleich zur KG erwartet. Diese Annahme wurde nicht bestätigt: Es ergab sich weder ein zeitlicher noch ein Gruppeneffekt. Bei den sekundären Zielgrößen zeigen sich für die IG deskriptiv geringere Verschlechterungen zur Katamnese als bei der KG. Teilnehmer der IG führen signifikant häufiger Ausdauersport durch, haben eine körperliche Aktivität gefunden, die sie dauerhaft in den Alltag integrieren und haben das Rehabilitationsziel Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität signifikant häufiger erreicht als die KG. Vor dem Hintergrund der besonderen Bedeutung körperlicher Aktivität beim Krankheitsverlauf der COPD ist dies als Erfolg zu bewerten.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Keiji Oishi ◽  
Kazuto Matsunaga ◽  
Misa Harada ◽  
Junki Suizu ◽  
Keita Murakawa ◽  
...  

Background: As much as there are unmet needs for brief frailty assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the lack of a simplified and comprehensive dyspnea evaluation system that focuses on the patients’ perceptions of dyspnea and their COPD living disabilities remains a major challenge. We developed patient-reported outcome measures for dyspnea-related behavior and activity limitation (PROMs-D), which consisted of the Activity-limit Dyspnea Scale (ADS) and Self-Limit Dyspnea Scale (SDS), while investigated the usefulness of PROMs-D in identifying frailty. Methods: We administered PROMs-D and frailty status evaluations in 128 outpatients. Results: We classified 30 (23.4%), 50 (39.0%), and 48 (37.5%) patients as robust, prefrail, and frail, respectively. There was a positive correlation between SDS and ADS (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.001), and both ADS and SDS had high accuracies for detecting frailty (AUC, 0.82 and 0.78, respectively). Moreover, a PROMs-D score that consisted of the sum of ADS and SDS was more effective in stratifying frailty (cutoff value, 2; AUC, 0.85; sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 95%). Conclusions: PROMs-D could be used as the first step for frailty screening in patients with COPD, and we propose the importance of capturing the troublesome nature of living behaviors due to dyspnea in daily clinical practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Salzwedel ◽  
I Koran ◽  
E Langheim ◽  
A Schlitt ◽  
J Nothroff ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs based on the bio-psycho-social approach of the international classification of functioning and disease are carried out to achieve improved prognosis, superior health-related quality of life (HRQL) and social integration. We aimed to identify predictors of returning to work (RTW) and HRQL among cardiovascular risk factors and physical performance as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) modifiable during CR. Methods We designed a prospective observational multi-center study and enrolled 1,586 patients (2017/18) in 12 German rehabilitation centers regardless of their primary allocation diagnoses (e.g. acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), coronary artery disease (CAD), valvular disease). Besides general data (e.g. age, gender, diagnoses), parameters of risk factor management (e.g. smoking, lipid profile, hypertension, lifestyle change motivation), physical performance (e.g. maximum exercise capacity, endurance training load, 6-min walking distance), and PROMs (e.g. depression, heart-focused anxiety, HRQL, subjective well-being, somatic and mental health, pain, general self-efficacy, pension desire as well as self-assessment of occupational prognosis using several questionnaires) were documented at CR admission and discharge. 6 months after discharge, status of RTW and HRQL (SF-12) were captured by a follow-up (FU) survey and analyzed in multivariable regression models with multiple imputation of missing values. Results Out of the study participants, 1,262 patients (54±7 years, 77% men) responded to the follow-up survey and could be analyzed regarding the outcome parameters. Most of them were assigned to CR primarily due to AMI (40%) or CAD without myocardial infarction (18%), followed by heart valve diseases in 12% of patients and CABG (8%). 864 patients (69%) returned to work within the follow-up period. Pension desire, negative self-assessed occupational prognosis, heart-focussed anxiety, major life events, smoking and heart failure were negatively associated with RTW, while higher endurance training load, HRQL and work stress were positively associated (Figure 1). HRQL after 6 months was determined more by PROMs (e.g. pension desire, heart-focused anxiety, physical/mental HRQL in SF-12, physical/mental health in indicators of rehab-status questionnaire (IRES-24), stress, well-being in the World Health Organization well-being index and self-efficacy expectations) than by clinical parameters or physical performance. Conclusions Patient-reported outcome measures predominantly influenced RTW and HRQL in heart-disease patients, whereas patients' pension desire and heart-focussed anxiety had a dominant impact on all investigated endpoints. Therefore, the multi-component CR approach focussing on psychosocial support is crucial for subjective health prognosis and occupational resumption. Figure 1. Predictors of returning to work Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German pension insurance


2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2020-200954
Author(s):  
Chelsey Porter Erlank ◽  
Jonathan Lord ◽  
Kathryn Church

IntroductionThe English government approved both stages of early medical abortion (EMA), using mifepristone and misoprostol under 10 weeks’ gestation, for at-home use on 30 March 2020. MSI Reproductive Choices UK (MSUK), one of the largest providers of abortion services in England, launched a no-test telemedicine EMA pathway on 6 April 2020. The objectives of this study were to report key patient-reported outcome measures and to assess whether our sample was representative of the whole population receiving no-test telemedicine EMA.MethodsA sample of all MSUK’s telemedicine EMA patients between April and August 2020 were invited to opt in to a follow-up call to answer clinical and satisfaction questions. A total of 1243 (13.7% of all telemedicine EMAs) were successfully followed-up, on average within 5 days post-procedure.ResultsPatients reported high confidence in telemedicine EMA and high satisfaction with the convenience, privacy and ease of managing their abortion at home. The sample responding were broadly equivalent to the whole population receiving telemedicine. No patient reported that they were unable to consult privately. The majority (1035, 83%) of patients reported preferring the telemedicine pathway, with 824 (66%) indicating that they would choose telemedicine again if COVID-19 were no longer an issue.ConclusionsTelemedicine EMA is a valued, private, convenient and more accessible option that is highly acceptable for patients seeking an abortion, especially those for whom in-clinic visits are logistically or emotionally challenging. Evidence that this pathway would be a first choice again in future for most patients supports the case to make telemedicine EMA permanent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712096792
Author(s):  
James L. Cook ◽  
Kylee Rucinski ◽  
Cory R. Crecelius ◽  
Richard Ma ◽  
James P. Stannard

Background: Return to sport (RTS) after osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for large unipolar femoral condyle defects has been consistent, but many athletes are affected by more severe lesions. Purpose: To examine outcomes for athletes who have undergone large single-surface, multisurface, or bipolar shell OCA transplantation in the knee. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data from a prospective OCA transplantation registry were assessed for athletes who underwent knee transplantation for the first time (primary transplant) between June 2015 and March 2018 for injury or overuse-related articular defects. Inclusion criteria were preinjury Tegner level ≥5 and documented type and level of sport (or elite unit active military duty); in addition, patients were required to have a minimum of 1-year follow-up outcomes, including RTS data. Patient characteristics, surgery type, Tegner level, RTS, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), compliance with rehabilitation, revisions, and failures were assessed and compared for statistically significant differences. Results: There were 37 included athletes (mean age, 34 years; range, 15-69 years; mean body mass index, 26.2 kg/m2; range, 18-35 kg/m2) who underwent large single-surface (n = 17), multisurface (n = 4), or bipolar (n = 16) OCA transplantation. The highest preinjury median Tegner level was 9 (mean, 7.9 ± 1.7; range, 5-10). At the final follow-up, 25 patients (68%) had returned to sport; 17 (68%) returned to the same or higher level of sport compared with the highest preinjury level. The median time to RTS was 16 months (range, 7-26 months). Elite unit military, competitive collegiate, and competitive high school athletes returned at a significantly higher proportion ( P < .046) than did recreational athletes. For all patients, the Tegner level at the final follow-up (median, 6; mean, 6.1 ± 2.7; range, 1-10) was significantly lower than that at the highest preinjury level ( P = .007). PROMs were significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with preoperative levels and reached or exceeded clinically meaningful differences. OCA revisions were performed in 2 patients (5%), and failures requiring total knee arthroplasty occurred in 2 patients (5%), all of whom were recreational athletes. Noncompliance was documented in 4 athletes (11%) and was 15.5 times more likely ( P = .049) to be associated with failure or a need for revision than for compliant patients. Conclusion: Large single-surface, multisurface, or bipolar shell OCA knee transplantations in athletes resulted in two-thirds of these patients returning to sport at 16 to 24 months after transplantation. Combined, the revision and failure rates were 10%; thus, 90% of patients were considered to have successful 2- to 4-year outcomes with significant improvements in pain and function, even when patients did not RTS.


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