Recent Progress in Methylation of (Hetero)Arenes by Cross-Coupling or C–H Activation

Synlett ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahu Liu ◽  
Xuebin Liao ◽  
Lu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aryl Halides ◽  
Lead Optimization ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Methyl Effect

Owing to the ‘magic methyl effect’ on a compound’s physical and biological properties, methylation is a strategy frequently used by medicinal chemists in structure–activity relationship studies or in lead optimization. This article highlights the most recent reported methods for the direct methylation of (hetero)arenes, which mainly involve either C–H functionalization or cross-coupling of methylating reagents with (hetero)aryl halides. Methylation of C–H bonds of (hetero)-arenes, which is atom economical, has been explored by several research groups in recent years. Given the unmatchable availability of (hetero)aryl halides, we believe that Ni-catalyzed methylation using iodomethane or deuterated iodomethane as the methyl source is one of the most convenient methods.

scholarly journals Flavonoids from the Genus Euphorbia: Isolation, Structure, Pharmacological Activities and Structure–Activity Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Douglas Kemboi Magozwi ◽  
Mmabatho Dinala ◽  
Nthabiseng Mokwana ◽  
Xavier Siwe-Noundou ◽  
Rui W. M. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Review Reports

Plants of the genus Euphorbia are widely distributed across temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Asia and Africa with established Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records. The present review reports the isolation, occurrence, phytochemistry, biological properties, therapeutic potential and structure–activity relationship of Euphorbia flavonoids for the period covering 2000–2020, while identifying potential areas for future studies aimed at development of new therapeutic agents from these plants. The findings suggest that the extracts and isolated flavonoids possess anticancer, antiproliferative, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatitis and antioxidant properties and have different mechanisms of action against cancer cells. Of the investigated species, over 80 different types of flavonoids have been isolated to date. Most of the isolated flavonoids were flavonols and comprised simple O-substitution patterns, C-methylation and prenylation. Others had a glycoside, glycosidic linkages and a carbohydrate attached at either C-3 or C-7, and were designated as d-glucose, l-rhamnose or glucorhamnose. The structure–activity relationship studies showed that methylation of the hydroxyl groups on C-3 or C-7 reduces the activities while glycosylation loses the activity and that the parent skeletal structure is essential in retaining the activity. These constituents can therefore offer potential alternative scaffolds towards development of new Euphorbia-based therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Recent progress in pyrolyzed carbon materials as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Ouyang ◽  
Xun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Review Reports

This review reports some recent advances in pyrolytic carbon as an ORR catalyst and explores its structure–activity relationship.

C–H activation enables a rapid structure–activity relationship study of arylcyclopropyl amines for potent and selective LSD1 inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (36) ◽  
pp. 8576-8585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Miyamura ◽  
Misaho Araki ◽  
Yosuke Ota ◽  
Yukihiro Itoh ◽  
Shusuke Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Relationship Study ◽  
Coupling Sequence

Potent and selective LSD1 inhibitors were synthesized rapidly by a C–H borylation and cross-coupling sequence.

Cytostatic 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides III. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study in Cytostatic Activity of 6-Aryl-, 6-Hetaryl- and 6-Benzylpurine Ribonucleosides

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hocek ◽  
Antonín Holý ◽  
Ivan Votruba ◽  
Hana Dvořáková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Arylboronic Acids ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Relationship Study

A series of fifteen 6-aryl-, 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides has been prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- purine with arylboronic acids, hetarylzinc halides, hetarylstannanes or benzylzinc halides followed by deprotection. Structure-activity relationship study revealed that besides 6-(4-substituted phenyl)purine nucleosides, also some 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides possess considerable cytostatic activity.

Inhibition of Functionalized 1,3-Dienes against Trypanosoma cruzi

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Aivlé Cabrera ◽  
Diana Henríquez ◽  
Thamara Bustos ◽  
Julio Herrera ◽  
Neudo Urdaneta
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Palladium Complexes ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

Six functionalized 1,3-dienes were synthesized using cross-coupling reactions, catalyzed by palladium complexes, between alkenylboronic acids and α-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carbonylic compounds. Their cytotoxicity against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and fibroblastic Vero cells was evaluated, using concentrations ranging from 100 μm to 2.5 mм in experiments with three incubation times (4, 8 and 16 h). These tests were performed using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric bioassays and its further reduction to formazan, according to the viability of the parasites and cells. With the exception of (5E,6E)-5-benzylidene-2-methylundec-6-en-4-one, all compounds were cytotoxic to both Trypanosoma cruzi and Vero cells, however differential values of IC50 were observed for two of these compounds. A possible structure-activity relationship is discussed.

Research Progress on the Natural Product Aloperine and Its Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Xiandao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Relationship Of

: In this review, an effort towards the presentation of an all-around account of the recent progress on the natural product, aloperine is made, and the antivirus structure-activity relationship of its derivatives is also summarized comprehensively. In addition, the principal pharmacological effects and corresponding molecular mechanisms of aloperine are discussed. Some new modification directions of aloperine are given in the end, which might be brief guidance for further investigations on the natural product aloperine.

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