Erster in-vitro Vergleich zwischen einem Spectral Dual-Layer CT und einem Spectral Photon-Counting CT zur Bildgebung von Soft-Plaque Restenosen in Koronarstents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hickethier ◽  
D Bar-Ness ◽  
A Bunck ◽  
D Maintz ◽  
G Pahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Soft Plaque

In vitro measurement of CT density and estimation of stenosis related to coronary soft plaque at 100kV and 120kV on ECG-triggered scan

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Horiguchi ◽  
Chikako Fujioka ◽  
Masao Kiguchi ◽  
Hideya Yamamoto ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Plaque ◽  
Ct Density

scholarly journals A-306 In vitro and ex vivo validation of spectral photon-counting radiography for detection of monosodium urate depositions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Huber ◽  
Fabio Becce ◽  
Spyridon Gkoumas ◽  
Thomas Thuering ◽  
Roman Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Monosodium Urate

scholarly journals Feasibility of improving vascular imaging in the presence of metallic stents using spectral photon counting CT and K-edge imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sigovan ◽  
Salim Si-Mohamed ◽  
Daniel Bar-Ness ◽  
Julia Mitchell ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Langlois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Metallic Stents ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Vascular Calcifications ◽  
Vascular Lumen ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Stent Lumen

AbstractCorrect visualization of the vascular lumen is impaired in standard computed tomography (CT) because of blooming artifacts, increase of apparent size, induced by metallic stents and vascular calcifications. Recently, due to the introduction of photon-counting detectors in the X-ray imaging field, a new prototype spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) based on a modified clinical CT system has been tested in a feasibility study for improving vascular lumen delineation and visualization of coronary stent architecture. Coronary stents of different metal composition were deployed inside plastic tubes containing hydroxyapatite spheres to simulate vascular calcifications and in the abdominal aorta of one New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Imaging was performed with an SPCCT prototype, a dual-energy CT system, and a conventional 64-channel CT system (B64). We found the apparent widths of the stents significantly smaller on SPCCT than on the other two systems in vitro (p < 0.01), thus closer to the true size. Consequently, the intra-stent lumen was significantly larger on SPCCT (p < 0.01). In conclusion, owing to the increased spatial resolution of SPCCT, improved lumen visualization and delineation of stent metallic mesh is possible compared to dual-energy and conventional CT.

scholarly journals Fluorescently Labeled Cellulose Nanofibers for Environmental Health and Safety Studies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Ilabahen Patel ◽  
Jeremiah Woodcock ◽  
Ryan Beams ◽  
Stephan J. Stranick ◽  
Ryan Nieuwendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety

An optimal methodology for locating and tracking cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in vitro and in vivo is crucial to evaluate the environmental health and safety properties of these nanomaterials. Here, we report the use of a new boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) reactive fluorescent probe, meso-DichlorotriazineEthyl BODIPY (mDTEB), tailor-made for labeling CNFs used in simulated or in vivo ingestion exposure studies. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to confirm covalent attachment and purity of mDTEB-labeled CNFs. The photoluminescence properties of mDTEB-labeled CNFs, characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, include excellent stability over a wide pH range (pH2 to pH10) and high quantum yield, which provides detection at low (μM) concentrations. FLIM analysis also showed that lignin-like impurities present on the CNF reduce the fluorescence of the mDTEB-labeled CNF, via quenching. Therefore, the chemical composition and the methods of CNF production affect subsequent studies. An in vitro triculture, small intestinal, epithelial model was used to assess the toxicity of ingested mDTEB-labeled CNFs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to assess in vivo environmental toxicity studies. No cytotoxicity was observed for CNFs, or mDTEB-labeled CNFs, either in the triculture cells or in the zebrafish embryos.

scholarly journals Performance of Spectral Photon-Counting Coronary CT Angiography and Comparison with Energy-Integrating-Detector CT: Objective Assessment with Model Observer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
David C. Rotzinger ◽  
Damien Racine ◽  
Fabio Becce ◽  
Elias Lahoud ◽  
Klaus Erhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Model Observer ◽  
Lower Noise

Aims: To evaluate spectral photon-counting CT’s (SPCCT) objective image quality characteristics in vitro, compared with standard-of-care energy-integrating-detector (EID) CT. Methods: We scanned a thorax phantom with a coronary artery module at 10 mGy on a prototype SPCCT and a clinical dual-layer EID-CT under various conditions of simulated patient size (small, medium, and large). We used filtered back-projection with a soft-tissue kernel. We assessed noise and contrast-dependent spatial resolution with noise power spectra (NPS) and target transfer functions (TTF), respectively. Detectability indices (d’) of simulated non-calcified and lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques were computed using the non-pre-whitening with eye filter model observer. Results: SPCCT provided lower noise magnitude (9–38% lower NPS amplitude) and higher noise frequency peaks (sharper noise texture). Furthermore, SPCCT provided consistently higher spatial resolution (30–33% better TTF10). In the detectability analysis, SPCCT outperformed EID-CT in all investigated conditions, providing superior d’. SPCCT reached almost perfect detectability (AUC ≈ 95%) for simulated 0.5-mm-thick non-calcified plaques (for large-sized patients), whereas EID-CT had lower d’ (AUC ≈ 75%). For lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques, SPCCT achieved 85% AUC vs. 77.5% with EID-CT. Conclusions: SPCCT outperformed EID-CT in detecting simulated coronary atherosclerosis and might enhance diagnostic accuracy by providing lower noise magnitude, markedly improved spatial resolution, and superior lipid core detectability.

scholarly journals Spectral Photon-Counting Molecular Imaging for Quantification of Monoclonal Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Targeted to Lymphoma and Breast Cancer: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Moghiseh ◽  
Chiara Lowe ◽  
John G. Lewis ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar ◽  
Anthony Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Raji Cells

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate an in vitro proof of principle that spectral photon-counting CT can measure gold-labelled specific antibodies targeted to specific cancer cells. A crossover study was performed with Raji lymphoma cancer cells and HER2-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells using a MARS spectral CT scanner. Raji cells were incubated with monoclonal antibody-labelled gold, rituximab (specific antibody to Raji cells), and trastuzumab (as a control); HER2-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells were incubated with monoclonal antibody-labelled gold, trastuzumab (specific antibody to HER2-positive cancer cells), and rituximab (as a control). The calibration vials with multiple concentrations of nonfunctionalised gold nanoparticles were used to calibrate spectral CT. Spectral imaging results showed that the Raji cells-rituximab-gold and HER2-positive cells-trastuzumab-gold had a quantifiable amount of gold, 5.97 mg and 0.78 mg, respectively. In contrast, both cell lines incubated with control antibody-labelled gold nanoparticles had less gold attached (1.22 mg and 0.15 mg, respectively). These results demonstrate the proof of principle that spectral molecular CT imaging can identify and quantify specific monoclonal antibody-labelled gold nanoparticles taken up by Raji cells and HER2-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cells. The present study reports the future potential of spectral molecular imaging in detecting tumour heterogeneity so that treatment can be tuned accordingly, leading to more effective personalised medicine.

Characterization of thrombus composition with multimodality CT-based imaging: an in-vitro study

2020 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2020-016799
Author(s):  
Yong-Hong Ding ◽  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Gregory Michalak ◽  
Shuai Leng ◽  
Daying Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Photon Counting Detector

BackgroundCT is the most commonly used imaging modality for acute ischemic stroke evaluation. There is growing interest to use pre-operative imaging to characterize clot composition in stroke. We performed an in-vitro study examining the ability of various CT techniques in differentiation between different clot types.MethodsFive clot types with varying fibrin and red blood cells (RBCs) densities (5% RBC and 95% fibrin; 25% RBC and 75% fibrin; 50% RBC and 50% fibrin; 75% RBC and 25% fibrin; 95% RBC and 5% fibrin) were prepared and scanned using various CT scanning protocols (single-energy, dual-energy, photon-counting detector CT, mixed images, and virtual monoenergetic images). Martius Scarlett Blue trichrome staining was performed to confirm the composition of each clot. Mean CT values of each type of clot under different scanning protocol were calculated and compared.ResultsMean CT values of the CT numbers in the five clot specimens for 5%, 25%, and 50% RBC clot were similar across modalities, and increased significantly for 75% and 95% RBC clots (P<0.0001). Mean CT values are highest in the Mono +50 keV images in each type of clot, and they were also significantly higher than all other imaging protocols (P<0.001). Dual-energy CT with Mono +50 keV images showed the greatest difference between attenuation in each type of clot.ConclusionMono +50 keV dual-energy CT scan may be helpful for differentiating between RBC-rich and fibrin-rich thrombi seen in large-vessel occlusion patients.

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