A Rapid Quantitative Assay of Factor VIII (AHG) Without the Use of Haemophilia A Plasma

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst G. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Good Concordance

SummaryA new method for the quantitative determination of factor VIII (AHG) without using haemophilia A plasma as test substrate has been described. The comparison to Geiger et al. shows a good concordance. The normal range of factor VIII in adults is 50—150% (normal plasma taken as 100%) and the average value of healthy newborns is 78%. This is compared to the average values of the other clotting factors in newborns. Factor VIII is not affected by deficient vitamin K resorption.

Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin C

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond R Cole ◽  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryTwo quantitative procedures for autoprothrombin C are described. In one of these purified prothrombin is used as a substrate, and the activity of autoprothrombin C can be measured even if thrombin is in the preparation. In this procedure a reaction mixture is used wherein the thrombin titer which develops in 20 minutes is proportional to the autoprothrombin C in the reaction mixture. A unit is defined as the amount which will generate 70 units of thrombin in the standardized reaction mixture. In the other method thrombin interferes with the result, because a standard bovine plasma sample is recalcified and the clotting time is noted. Autoprothrombin C shortens the clotting time, and the extent of this is a quantitative measure of autoprothrombin C activity.

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Distribution of Miserotoxin in Varieties of Astragalus miser Dougl. ex Hook.

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
Frank A. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Other

A method was developed for quantitative determination of miserotoxin, a poison in timber milkvetch (Astragalus miser Dougl. ex Hook.). The presence and concentration of miserotoxin was determined in eight varieties of timber milkvetch. The seasonal variation in the concentration of the poison was followed in variety oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cron. Miserotoxin occurred primarily in the leaves with smaller amounts in the roots, flowers, and seeds. The poison level in leaves and stems decreased rapidly after seed dispersal. Miserotoxin was found in varieties oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cron., serotinus (Gray) Barneby, and hylophilus (Rydb.) Barneby, but was not found in varieties miser Dougl. ex Hook., tenuifolius (Nutt.) Barneby, crispatus (Jones) Cron., praeteritus Barneby, and decumbens (Nutt.) Cron. The three varieties containing miserotoxin were poisonous to 1-week-old chicks (Gallus domesticus, Arbor Acre 50 × Vantress hybrids); the other five varieties were not poisonous.

Separation of Vitamins D2 and D3 as Isotachysterols D2 and D3 by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-838
Author(s):  
A J Sheppard ◽  
Denis E Lacroix ◽  
A R Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Acetyl Chloride ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Absorption Data

Abstract A method for the quantitative determination of 0.5—20 μg vitamins D2 and D3 by gas-liquid chromatography is described. Vitamins D2 and D3 are completely isomerized to their respective isotachysterol isomers by acetyl chloride as demonstrated by ultraviolet and infrared absorption data. Dihydrotachysterol D2, isotachysterol D2, and isotachysterol D3 are completely resolved with a 3% JXR on 100-120 mesh Gas Chrom Q column packing. Calibration studies show that each compound exhibited a characteristic dose-response plot. Therefore, one isomer cannot be used as a direct internal standard for the quantitative measurement of the other isomer.

A Simplified Halphen Procedure for Cyclopropene Fatty Acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293
Author(s):  
Eugene C Coleman ◽  
David Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Cyclopropene Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Abstract A simplified Halphen procedure was developed for the quantitative determination of cyclopropene fatty acids in fats and oils. Butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures of butanol and DMSO were used as reaction media in a closed system. Higher sample absorbances were produced in butanol than in mixtures of butanol and DMSO. Butanol was superior to the other solvent systems for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The lower limit of sensitivity for the tube-butanol system for quantitative and qualitative analyses was 18 and 15 μg cyclopropene fatty acids/g oil, respectively.

scholarly journals Chitin Determination in Residual Streams Derived From Insect Production by LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azkia Nurfikari ◽  
Wietse de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Chitin, a biopolymer present in fungi and arthropods, is a compound of interest for various applications, such as in the agricultural and medical fields. With the recently growing interest in the development of insect farming, the availability of chitin-containing residual streams, particularly the molting skins (exuviae), is expected to increase in the near future. For application purposes, accurate quantification of chitin in these insect sources is essential. Previous studies on chitin extraction and quantification often overlooked the purity of the extracted chitin, making the outcomes inconsistent and prone to overestimation. The present study aims to determine chitin content in the exuviae of three insect species mass-reared worldwide: black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and house cricket. Chitin was chemically extracted using acid and alkali treatments to remove minerals and proteins. The purity of extracted chitin was evaluated by hydrolyzing the chitin into glucosamine, followed by quantitative determination of the latter using two liquid chromatography methods: electrochemical detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both methods proved accurate and precise, without the need for labor-intensive derivatization steps. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed that the glucosamine determination results obtained by the two methods were comparable, and there is no consistent bias of one approach vs. the other. The chitin content in extracted residues ranged between 7.9 and 18.5%, with the highest amount found in BSF puparium. In summary, the study demonstrated that (1) the residual streams of the insect farming industry have a great potential for utilization as an alternative chitin source, and (2) both LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS are reliable for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in insect chitin.

The Diagnosis of Mild Haemophilia by the Partial Thromboplastin Time Test. WFH/ICTH Study of the Manchester Method

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F O'Brien ◽  
W R S North ◽  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Standardized Method ◽  
Mild Haemophilia

SummaryIn two trials, various methods of performing the partial thromboplastin time test (PTT) were compared with the method described from Manchester by Poller and Thomson (1) and Poller et al. (2), for their ability to diagnose mild haemophilia. In the first trial, 64 laboratories in various countries compared their own methods and reagents with the Manchester method on three coded haemophilic plasmas distributed freeze-dried and on four local fresh normals collected in each laboratory. In the second trial, seven well-standardized commercial methods were tested in pairs against the Manchester method in seven experienced laboratories on 22 mild haemophilic samples and six normal samples each coded and distributed frozen. PTTs were related to factor VIII: C level.In the first trial, the better standardized methods gave more consistent results than others; but even so there were large differences between laboratories even on normal plasmas. The second trial established a reasonably linear relationship between log PTT and log VIII :C in the range 15-150 iu/dl; but different methods did not greatly vary in their ability to detect a mild haemophilic defect; this was confirmed by calculating the index Slope/(Residual S. D.) which was used to provide a rank order. Scatter diagrams suggested that a proportion of mild haemophilic samples would be likely to have PTTs within the normal range by any method. It is concluded that the Manchester method does not detect mild haemophilia with greater discrimination than the other methods studied; that each laboratory must establish its own normal range even if using a well-standardized method; and that in screening patients a PTT must be supplemented by a discriminating history.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE AS AN ESTIMATE OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE RAT SEMINAL VESICLE

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Antti Telkkä ◽  
A. Kivikoski ◽  
Väinö K. Hopsu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Rat Seminal Vesicle

ABSTRACT The seminal vesicles of the rat were stimulated by testosterone-treatment or depressed by castration. The activity of the gland was demonstrated using histoquantitative methods and by quantitative determination of the succinic dehydrogenase activity in the vesicles. There was a good correlation between the seven different variables reflecting the functional state of the vesicle. Quantitative estimation of succinic dehydrogenase of the vesicle seemed to be superior to the other methods because of its greater sensitivity.

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