Eine Stellungnahme zur Debatte über die „atypischen“ Antipsychotika

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. Schmied ◽  
W. Kissling ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
S. Leucht

ZusammenfassungSeit etwa zehn Jahren gibt es eine kontrovers geführte Debatte über die Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation („second generation antipsychotics“, SGA) in der Schizophreniebehandlung, die in der Publikation der sogenannten Effektivitätsstudien CATIE (Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness), CUtLASS (Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study) und EUFEST (European First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial) gipfelte. In der vorliegenden Übersicht fassen wir die Ergebnisse dreier aktueller systematischer Reviews zusammen, in denen die Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation (SGAs) mit Placebo, mit konventionellen Antipsychotika oder direkt miteinander verglichen wurden. Wir stellen die Metaanalysen in den Kontext anderer systematischer Reviews und beleuchten sie vor dem Hintergrund von CATIE, CUtLASS und EUFEST. Unserer Meinung nach sind viele Ergebnisse konsistent, sie werden aber von verschiedenen Experten und Interessensvertretern unterschiedlich interpretiert. Die Daten zeigen, dass SGAs keine homogene Gruppe darstellen und dass diese eher verwirrende Einteilung aufgegeben werden sollte. Unserer Meinung nach stellen die SGAs nicht den Durchbruch dar, den die Industrie gerne sehen würde. Ihre unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften erlauben aber eine bessere Ausrichtung des Behandlungsplans an den Problemen des individuellen Patienten. Diese Medikamente haben die Behandlungspalette deutlich erweitert und die meisten Psychiater, ganz zu schweigen von den Patienten, würden wohl nur sehr ungerne auf diese Präparate verzichten wollen.

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Volavka ◽  
Pál Czobor ◽  
Leslie Citrome ◽  
Richard A. Van Dorn

IntroductionAggressive behavior can be a dangerous complication of schizophrenia. Hostility is related to aggression. This study aimed to compare the effects of olanzapine, perphenazine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone on hostility in schizophrenia.MethodsWe used the data that were acquired in the 18-month Phase 1 of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study. We analyzed the scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) hostility item in a subset of 614 patients who showed at least minimal hostility (a score ≥ 2) at baseline.ResultsThe primary analysis of hostility indicated an effect of difference between treatments (F4,1487 = 7.78, P < 0.0001). Olanzapine was significantly superior to perphenazine and quetiapine at months 1, 3, 6, and 9. It was also significantly superior to ziprasidone at months 1, 3, and 6, and to risperidone at months 3 and 6.DiscussionOur results are consistent with those of a similar post-hoc analysis of hostility in first-episode subjects with schizophrenia enrolled in the European First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) trial, where olanzapine demonstrated advantages compared with haloperidol, quetiapine, and amisulpride.ConclusionOlanzapine demonstrated advantages in terms of a specific antihostility effect over the other antipsychotics tested in Phase 1 of the CATIE trial.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Přikryl ◽  
Hana Přikrylová Kučerová ◽  
Michaela Vrzalová ◽  
Eva Češková

Approximately 80% of patients with the first-episode schizophrenia reach symptomatic remission after antipsychotic therapy. However, within two years most of them relapse, mainly due to low levels of insight into the illness and nonadherence to their oral medication. Therefore, although the formal data available is limited, many experts recommend prescribing long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics (mostly risperidone or alternatively paliperidone) in the early stages of schizophrenia, particularly in patients who have benefited from the original oral molecule in the past and agree to receive long-term injectable treatment. Early application of long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics can significantly reduce the risk of relapse in the future and thus improve not only the social and working potential of patients with schizophrenia but also their quality of life.


F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Caraci ◽  
Mario Santagati ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Dario Cannavò ◽  
Gian Marco Leggio ◽  
...  

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are symptoms of disturbed perception, mood, behavior, and thought content that occurred frequently. These symptoms, which include apathy, depression, anxiety, psychosis, agitation, and aggression, can serve as predictors of and early clinical diagnostic markers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are common precipitants of institutional care. Agitation and psychosis are associated with accelerated disease progression and increased tau phosphorylation in patients with AD. Current guidelines recommend the use of second-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of agitation and psychosis in AD, but only after first-line non-pharmacological interventions and for no longer than 12 weeks because long-term use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of mortality and an increased frequency of cerebrovascular events. Therefore, new antipsychotic drugs with improved efficacy and safety are needed as an alternative to current antipsychotic drugs. In this report, we discuss some of the most relevant advances in the field of agitation and psychosis in AD and focus on the recent positive clinical evidence observed with two new antipsychotics drugs: brexpiprazole and pimavanserin. Brexpiprazole is a receptor partial agonist (D2, D3, 5-HT1A), receptor antagonist (5-HT2A/B, α1B/α2C) according to the neuroscience-based nomenclature. Two recent phase III clinical trials have shown that brexpiprazole 2 mg/day is effective for the treatment of agitation in patients with AD and has an improved tolerability and safety profile compared with currently available second-generation antipsychotics. Pimavanserin is a receptor antagonist (5-HT2A, 5-HT2C) that has been given market authorization for psychosis occurring in Parkinson’s disease. Recent phase II studies suggest that this drug is effective in AD patients with more severe psychosis, although further long-term studies are needed to better define the efficacy and long-term safety profile of pimavanserin for the treatment of psychosis in AD.


2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Josiassen ◽  
Rita A. Shaughnessy ◽  
Dawn M. Filymer ◽  
Ann Marie Donohue ◽  
Margit Kacso ◽  
...  

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