scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 061-069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Rimola
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Vascularity ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinomas ◽  
Small Hccs ◽  
Dynamic Enhancement ◽  
Molecular Expression ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractTumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) occurs at different levels. On conventional imaging modalities, the spectrum of tumor heterogeneity is evident in the dynamic enhancement pattern, where the characteristic wash-in and wash-out is present in only 60% of small HCCs. In larger HCCs, heterogeneity within the tumor, known as the mosaic pattern, can reflect the presence of different grades of HCC differentiation. The advent of functional imaging techniques has not improved the diagnostic sensitivity of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of HCC. However, the combination of conventional and functional imaging techniques potentially allows the identification of heterogeneity in tumor vascularity, cellularity, and molecular expression.

scholarly journals Multimodal Functional Imaging for Cancer/Tumor Microenvironments Based on MRI, EPRI, and PET

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Matsumoto ◽  
James B. Mitchell ◽  
Murali C. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Cancer Tumor

Radiation therapy is one of the main modalities to treat cancer/tumor. The response to radiation therapy, however, can be influenced by physiological and/or pathological conditions in the target tissues, especially by the low partial oxygen pressure and altered redox status in cancer/tumor tissues. Visualizing such cancer/tumor patho-physiological microenvironment would be a useful not only for planning radiotherapy but also to detect cancer/tumor in an earlier stage. Tumor hypoxia could be sensed by positron emission tomography (PET), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oxygen mapping, and in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) MRI. Tissue oxygenation could be visualized on a real-time basis by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and/or tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) MRI signal. EPR imaging (EPRI) and/or T1-weighted MRI techniques can visualize tissue redox status non-invasively based on paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radical contrast agent. 13C-DNP MRI can visualize glycometabolism of tumor/cancer tissues. Accurate co-registration of those multimodal images could make mechanisms of drug and/or relation of resulted biological effects clear. A multimodal instrument, such as PET-MRI, may have another possibility to link multiple functions. Functional imaging techniques individually developed to date have been converged on the concept of theranostics.

scholarly journals Full-field imaging of thermal and acoustic dynamics in an individual nanostructure using tabletop high harmonic beams

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaau4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Karl ◽  
Giulia F. Mancini ◽  
Joshua L. Knobloch ◽  
Travis D. Frazer ◽  
Jorge N. Hernandez-Charpak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Full Field

Imaging charge, spin, and energy flow in materials is a current grand challenge that is relevant to a host of nanoenhanced systems, including thermoelectric, photovoltaic, electronic, and spin devices. Ultrafast coherent x-ray sources enable functional imaging on nanometer length and femtosecond timescales particularly when combined with advances in coherent imaging techniques. Here, we combine ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic light source to directly visualize the complex thermal and acoustic response of an individual nanoscale antenna after impulsive heating by a femtosecond laser. We directly image the deformations induced in both the nickel tapered nanoantenna and the silicon substrate and see the lowest-order generalized Lamb wave that is partially confined to a uniform nanoantenna. The resolution achieved—sub–100 nm transverse and 0.5-Å axial spatial resolution, combined with ≈10-fs temporal resolution—represents a significant advance in full-field dynamic imaging capabilities. The tapered nanoantenna is sufficiently complex that a full simulation of the dynamic response would require enormous computational power. We therefore use our data to benchmark approximate models and achieve excellent agreement between theory and experiment. In the future, this work will enable three-dimensional functional imaging of opaque materials and nanostructures that are sufficiently complex that their functional properties cannot be predicted.

New Molecular and Functional Imaging Techniques

2013 ◽  
pp. 491-522
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo ◽  
María Jiménez-González ◽  
Jordi Llop ◽  
Torsten Reese
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques

scholarly journals Left Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastasis from Ovarian Cancer Associated with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma, a Confusing Pathology-Essential Role of Functional Imaging

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Piciu ◽  
Alexandru Meșter ◽  
Calin Căinap ◽  
Elena Bărbuș ◽  
Dragos-Stefan Morariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Thyroid Microcarcinoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multiple Imaging

The revolution of imaging in medicine leads to new standards of care, mostly in specialties like oncology, neurology, or endocrinology. We present a review of the literature and a case report of a 62-year-old patient initially treated for a benign gynecologic pathology and followed-up for 7 years clinically, with serologic and with multiple imaging techniques. There is an actual growing use of highly sensitive functional imaging methods, like fluoro-deoxy-glucose (F18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the evaluation of oncologic pathologies, staging, follow-up, and therapy response monitoring. This is the first case report described in the literature presenting the association of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (MPTC) and supraclavicular metastasis of ovarian cancer. The study aims to underline the necessity of a complex and careful evaluation of each oncologic patient, due to the unexpected clinical presentation and rare association of diseases, sometimes leading to confusing management.

Recent advances of polyoxometalates in multi-functional imaging and photothermal therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 8189-8206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Kong ◽  
Guofeng Wan ◽  
Bao Li ◽  
Lixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Bio Imaging

The recent advances of polyoxometalate clusters in terms of near infrared photothermal properties for targeted tumor therapy have been summarized while the combined applications with various bio-imaging techniques and chemotherapies are reviewed.

scholarly journals Role of MRI-Based Functional Imaging in Improving the Therapeutic Index of Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Kaixuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Local Control Rate ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Radiation Technology ◽  
Target Delineation

Advances in radiation technology, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), have largely enabled a biological dose escalation of the target volume (TV) and reduce the dose to adjacent tissues or organs at risk (OARs). However, the risk of radiation-induced injury increases as more radiation dose utilized during radiation therapy (RT), which predominantly limits further increases in TV dose distribution and reduces the local control rate. Thus, the accurate target delineation is crucial. Recently, technological improvements for precise target delineation have obtained more attention in the field of RT. The addition of functional imaging to RT can provide a more accurate anatomy of the tumor and normal tissues (such as location and size), along with biological information that aids to optimize the therapeutic index (TI) of RT. In this review, we discuss the application of some common MRI-based functional imaging techniques in clinical practice. In addition, we summarize the main challenges and prospects of these imaging technologies, expecting more inspiring developments and more productive research paths in the near future.

scholarly journals Imaging of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8895
Author(s):  
Giuditta Chiti ◽  
Giulia Grazzini ◽  
Diletta Cozzi ◽  
Ginevra Danti ◽  
Benedetta Matteuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) represent the second most common pancreatic tumors. They are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying clinical expression and biological behavior, from indolent to aggressive ones. PanNENs can be functioning or non-functioning in accordance with their ability or not to produce metabolically active hormones. They are histopathologically classified according to the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Although the final diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor relies on histologic examination of biopsy or surgical specimens, both morphologic and functional imaging are crucial for patient care. Morphologic imaging with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for initial evaluation and staging of disease, as well as surveillance and therapy monitoring. Functional imaging techniques with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and positron emission tomography (PET) are used for functional and metabolic assessment that is helpful for therapy management and post-therapeutic re-staging. This article reviews the morphological and functional imaging modalities now available and the imaging features of panNENs. Finally, future imaging challenges, such as radiomics analysis, are illustrated.

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