scholarly journals Analysis of Ear, Nose and Throat Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. e343-e348
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Mohamed Eesa ◽  
Waleed Mansour ◽  
Lamia G. Zake ◽  
Ehsan Hendawy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Fever Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction. Objective To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19. Methods We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared. Results Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%). Conclusion Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Cecil ◽  
Francis G. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Cebus Capucinus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Nose And Throat

1. Virulent influenza bacilli, when injected into the nose and throat of monkeys (Cebus capucinus and Macacus syrichtus), excite an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane, infiltration of the mucosa and subrnucosa with leucocytes, desquamation of epithelial cells, and the production of a mucopurulent exudate. The accessory sinuses are often implicated in the infection. 2. Experimental Bacillus influenzæ infections of the upper respiratory tract are frequently accompanied or followed by bronchiolitis, peribronchial infiltration, and bronchopneumonia with hemorrhage and edema in the early stage, emphysema and bronchiectasis in the later stages. In general, the process closely resembles uncomplicated Bacillus influenzæ pneumonia in man. 3. The injection of virulent influenza bacilli directly into the trachea of monkeys induces in them an experimental bronchiolitis and hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia, similar in all respects to spontaneous Bacillus influenzæ pneumonia. 4. In experimental Bacillus influenzæinfections of either the upper or lower respiratory tract the influenza bacillus can usually be recovered during .the acute stage by culture, either pure or in association with other bacteria. 5. In experimental Bacillus influenzæ infections in monkeys characteristic changes occur in the thymus gland—hyperplasia of the follicles, distention of the lymphatic channels, and infiltration of the parenchyma with leucocytes. This enlargement appears to be merely part of a general hyperplasia of the lymphoid structures in the cervical and thoracic regions.

scholarly journals THE FREQUENCY OF BACILLUS INFLUENZÆ IN THE NOSE AND THROAT IN ACUTE LOBAR PNEUMONIA

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest G. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nose And Throat

1. Bacillus influenza is frequently found in association with lobar pneumonia. 2. In lobar pneumonia both Bacillus influenza and pneumococcus are frequently found in the nose. 3. The influenza bacilli found in the upper respiratory tract of cases of lobar pneumonia are of various types. 4. The exact significance of these findings is at the present time not clear.

scholarly journals Clinical effects of two combinations of olfactory agents on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection during olfactory training

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Qiao ◽  
Yin-Huan Bai ◽  
Guo-Ping Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Wei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Olfactory Training

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To compare two combinations of olfactory agents for olfactory training therapy of olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and investigate the influencing factors on clinical effects. METHODS 125 patients with olfactory dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups: test and control. During the olfactory training, four odors were used in both groups. The olfactory training lasted for 24 weeks. Then, participants were tested using Sniffin’ Sticks and threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) composite scoring before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The TDI scores were compared at different time points between the groups and within them, and influence factors were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in TDI scores between both groups. Furthermore, TDI scores did not significantly change after one month of treatment in either of the groups. After 3 and 6 months of treatment, TDI scores both significantly increased, and the odor discrimination and identification abilities significantly strengthened in both groups; however, the odor thresholds did not improve. The course of the disease was a significant influencing factor on the therapeutic effect of olfactory training for both groups. CONCLUSION The combination of essential balm, vinegar, alcohol, and rose perfume for olfactory training, which are scents commonly found in daily life, can effectively cure URTI-induced olfactory dysfunction, and significantly improve the odor discrimination and identification abilities. Furthermore, prolonging the treatment time can help with the recovery of olfactory functions, and earlier olfactory training can improve the therapeutic effect.

Upper respiratory tract infections

2010 ◽  
pp. 3227-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Little
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the commonest reason for patients to seek medical advice in the United Kingdom. Pharyngitis/tonsillitis—this is caused by both bacterial and viral organisms, with sore throat often accompanied by fever, headache, and other symptoms, with or without enlarged and tender cervical lymph nodes, tonsillar erythema, and exudate. Investigations are not generally performed or required. Antibiotics have modest benefit, so for patients who are not unwell systemically the physician should either not prescribe, or use a delayed prescribing approach, advising the patient to wait for several days before collecting or using their prescription. The antibiotic of choice is probably penicillin V, with a short acting macrolide the second-line agent. The benefits of tonsillectomy in preventing recurrent sore throat are modest....

scholarly journals Acute viral myositis: case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Sarlo Pezzin ◽  
Camila de Melo Perovani ◽  
Luana Marques Ribeiro ◽  
Julya Leite de Assis Pereira ◽  
Caroline Lopes Gratival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Context: Benign Acute Childhood Myositis (BACM) is a self-limited syndrome of acute myalgia prevalent in calf with impaired walking after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. This report analyze the clinical condition and investigation of BACM case, by medical record. Case report: C.L.F.A., male, 12 years, in use of clobazam, sodium divalproate, topiramate and lamotrigine, started low back pain. One day after, presented headache, fever and nasal congestion. Reported convulsive febrile episodes. At following morning received Upper Respiratory Tract Infection diagnoses. Next day, maintained symptoms and developed thrombocytopenia. Discharged due to suspicion of dengue. After 24 hours, returned with improved thrombocytopenia, also with leukopenia. At 5th day, started pain in lower limbs and impaired walking. Due to muscle symptoms worsening and increased creatinophosphokinase, hospital admission were indicated. Laboratory tests found increased in creatinekinase (10,180 U/L), CKMB (129,6 U/L), leukopenia (2800/mm3 ) and thrombocytopenia (174,000 / mm3 ). Anti-HIV, anti- leptospirosis, dengue, Chikungunya and anti-HCV tests resulted negative. At the 6th hospitalization day, he was discharged virtue of muscle symptoms, leukocytosis and creatinekinase levels favorable progression. Conclusions: BACM has excellent prognosis and self-limited course, so outpatient care is feasible. The diagnosis is clinical. If neurological deficits, modified urine tests and rash, or symptoms duration longer than one week, differential diagnoses must be researched. Measure creatinekinase is important if pain or walking disability after viral episode. Early intervention avoids complications.

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