Clinico-Epidemioogical and Radiological Profile of Broncholitis at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital in Barishal, Bangladesh

Background: Bronchiolitis, caused mostly by Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virus is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. The disease is mostly presents with cough runny nose, fever, breathing difficulties and respiratory failure This infection usually affects children up to age of 24 months, with younger infants often more severely affected and is the most prevalent cause of hospitalization in infants under the age of 12 months. The treatment is supportive; therefore, epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings can help to ensure appropriate diagnosis and proper treatment.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional observation study was conducted at Paediatrics department of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College & Hospital (SBMCH), Barishal, Bangladesh between October 2018 to March 2019To find out the clinico-epidemiological and radiological profile of Bronchiolitis. Children below 24 months of age diagnosed as bronchiolitis were studied.Results:200 children were evaluated, including 150 boys and 50 girls; Infants below 6 months accounted for the highest proportion (60%). All the bronchiolitis patients had cough or cold with respiratory distress. Other symptoms were fever (98.0%), restlessness (63.0%), poor feeding (60%) and fast breathing. On examination lower chest indrawing and rhonchi were found in all cases. Hyperinflation was the most prevalent radiological finding (60%) and more than half (55%) patients had lymphocytosis on CBC.Conclusion:Most children present with typical clinical and radiological feature of bronchiolitis which can help the clinicians to clinically identify this disease more efficiently.

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Role of Anti-Allergic Medicines as Inhibitors Against Covid-19

The 2019-nCoV virus is a human-infectious coronavirus (CoV). Very few treatment options are available to healthcare professionals who are fighting this outbreak at the front. The main warning symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, are fever, fatigue, and a dry cough, sometimes it also causes cold-like symptoms like a runny nose which are sometimes similar to symptoms of allergies and sometimes difficult to differentiate between COVID-19 and allergies. The anti-allergic drug molecules can behave as good inhibitor against COVID-19. Molecular docking studies have been performed to examine the inhibitor properties of anti-allergic molecules against Covid-19. The searching of better inhibitors have been examined interns of various non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bond, halogen bond, vander waal’s interactions, alkyl-πand π-π interactions between small molecules (Anti-allergic medicines) with main protease of Covid-19 using molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics simulation which reveals that astemizole is best inhibitor among ten Anti-allergic drug molecules.

Is SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant causing different symptoms?

Background: Since preliminary evidence suggests that the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant may cause different symptoms and trigger outbreaks associated with less severe illness compared to previous strains, we conducted and infodemic analysis to verify these suppositions.Methods: We searched Google Trends using the most frequent COVID-19 symptoms, with “United Kingdom” country option and search periods “20-26 December 2020” (predominance of Alpha variant) and “19-25 December 2021” (Omicron prevalence >80%).Results: Seven symptoms (i.e., conjunctivitis, chills, cough, aches, fever, nausea and sore throat) appeared to be more searched in 2021 compared to 2020 (i.e., >15% increase), five symptoms (i.e., anosmia, tiredness, ageusia, sneezing and shortness of breath) were found to be less searched in 2021 compared to 2020 (i.e., >15% decrease), whilst the number of Google searches for headache, diarrhea and runny nose were almost comparable between the two periods (i.e., <15% variation).Conclusion: Actual predominance of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in UK is associated with higher number of Google searches for mild symptoms (conjunctivitis, chills, cough, aches and fever), accompanied by considerable lower interest for a severe clinical sign like shortness of breath, which characterizes lower respiratory tract infection.

Bước đầu đánh giá hiệu quả hệ thống theo dõi SpO2 từ xa ở bệnh nhân Covid-19 mức độ nhẹ - trung bình

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Đại dịch COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) do chủng vi rút Corona mới SARS-CoV-2 vẫn đang bùng phát trên toàn thế giới, gây gia tăng gánh nặng lên Hệ thống chăm sóc Y Tế các quốc gia. Chính vì vậy, việc phát triển hệ thống giúp hỗ trợ chẩn đoán và theo dõi bệnh nhân COVID-19 từ xa được xem là vấn đề cấp thiết hiện nay. Trong đó, chỉ số SpO2 có vai trò quan trọng đối với bệnh COVID-19 và được lựa chọn để theo dõi bệnh nhân tại các Cơ sở Y tế cũng như tại nhà. Nghiên cứu này được chúng tôi thực hiện với mục đích đánh giá hiệu quả ban đầu của hệ thống theo dõi SpO2từ xa trên các bệnh nhân COVID-19 mức độ nhẹ - trung bình. Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang, theo dõi dọc ngắn hạn các bệnh nhân COVID-19 mức độ nhẹ - trung bình điều trị tại Trung tâm Hồi sức Tích cực điều trị bệnh nhân COVID-19 trực thuộc Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế tại TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả: Trong giai đoạn từ 8/2021 - 10/2021, 32 bệnh nhân COVID-19 được gắn thiết bị theo dõi chỉ số SpO2, trung bình là 34,2 ± 12,0 tuổi. Các yếu tố nguy cơ bao gồm: BMI xếp loại béo phì 25%, hút thuốc lá (18,8%), tăng huyết áp (15,6%) và đái tháo đường (12,5%). Phần lớn bệnh nhân vào viện do khó thở (71,9%) và chuyển từ tuyến dưới (62,5%). Triệu chứng lâm sàng chủ yếu là ho, hắt hơi, chảy mũi nước (40,6%), theo sau đó là giảm hoặc mất khứu giác, vị giác (25%). 81,3% có D-Dimer ≤ 500ng/mL. 62,5% bệnh nhân được phân độ COVID-19 mức trung bình. Tổng cộng 3.161 lượt đo SpO2, trong đó có 8 lượt cảnh báo SpO2 < 93%. SpO2 trung bình 98,1 ± 0,2 %. Tất cả bệnh nhân xuất viện thành công. Kết luận: Hệ thống theo dõi SpO2 từ xa bước đầu có hiệu quả giúp theo dõi các bệnh nhân COVID-19 mức độ nhẹ - trung bình. ABSTRACT INITIAL EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF THE REMOTE SPO2 MONITORING SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH MILD - TO - MODERATE COVID-19 DISEASE Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, increasing the burden on countries’ Health Care systems. Therefore, generating a platform to help diagnose and monitor COVID-19 patients remotely is considered an essential issue today. In particular, the SpO2 index plays a vital role in COVID-19 disease and is selected to monitor patients at health facilities and homes. This study aimed to evaluate the initial effectiveness of the remote SpO2 monitoring system in patients with mild - to - moderate COVID-19 diseases. Methods: This cross - section study was conducted on mild - to - moderate COVID-19 patients treated at the COVID-19 Intensive Care Center operated by Hue Central Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Results: From August 2021 to October 2021, 32 COVID-19 patients were applied with SpO2 monitoring smartwatches. The mean age was 34.2 ± 12.0. Risk factors including obesity (25%), smoking (18.8%), hypertension (15.6%), and diabetes (12.5%). Most patients were admitted to the center due to shortness of breath (71.9%) and transferred from lower - level hospitals (62.5%). The main clinical symptoms are coughing, sneezing, runny nose (40.6%), followed by a decrease or loss of smell and taste (25%). 81.3% of patients had D-Dimer ≤ 500 ng/mL. 62.5% of patients had moderate COVID-19 grades. A total of 3,161 SpO2 measurements, including 8 alarms < 93%. The average SpO2 was 98.1 ± 0.2 %. All patients were discharged successfully. Conclusion: A remote SpO2 monitoring system is considered to have preliminary effectiveness in monitoring mild - to - moderate COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, blood oxygen saturation, smartwatch, health monitoring system.

Revealing the Therapeutic Uses of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Its Potential for Drug Discovery

Background. Garlic is a common bulb vegetable that is used to flavor and flavor food. The plant contains biologically active components that contribute to its pharmacological properties. This paper attempts to examine the therapeutic uses and potential role in the drug development of garlic for various human diseases. Methods. To obtain crucial data and scientific knowledge about the therapeutic uses of garlic, systematic literature searches were conducted using key terms on well-known indexed platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and popular search engines. Results. Garlic, which is utilized as a spice and flavoring ingredient, is found to have fundamental nutritional components. Carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, water, and vitamins are all found in abundance in this plant. The plant also has a high medicinal value and is used to cure a variety of human diseases. It has anti-inflammatory, rheumatological, ulcer inhibiting, anticholinergic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antistress, antidiabetes, anticancer, liver protection, anthelmintics, antioxidants, antifungal, and wound healing properties, as well as properties that help with asthma, arthritis, chronic fever, tuberculosis, runny nose, malaria, leprosy, skin discoloration, and itching, indigestion, colic, enlarged spleen, hemorrhoids, fistula, bone fracture, gout, urinary tract disease, diabetes, kidney stones, anemia, jaundice, epilepsy, cataract, and night blindness. Conclusions. The nutritional content of the plant is significant, and it has incredible therapeutic potential. The findings of this study are needed to investigate the therapeutic potential, as it may be a promising option for drug development.

Nasopharyngeal Polyp in a Cat: Clinical Assessment

The case report describes diagnosis and surgical treatment of nasopharyngeal polyp in a 3-months-old mixed breed female cat with sneezing, runny nose, lack of appetite and change of voice Serous tear discharge, mucopurulent nasal discharge and increased sensitivity in trachea were detected at clinical examination of the cat Following inspection of the oral cavity, it was observed that the soft palate was bulged and had a different appearance from the normal anatomical structure Significant alterations were not determined in the haematological, biochemical and radiographic examinations However, nasopharyngeal polyp was determined following the contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination After the polyp was removed by a simple invasive procedure, clinical findings of the cat started to improve as from the second day One month after the operation, the she was completely cured and became healthy In conclusion, nasopharyngeal polyp has to be considered for cats with lack of appetite, sneezing, runny nose and change of voice, and collaboration between oropharyngeal examination and transversal shots of the computed tomography would constitute a reliable approach for a precise diagnosis and preoperative planning for feline nasopharyngeal polyps.

A Systemic Review of Pathological Findings in COVID-19 and Its Mechanism of Disease

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has spread worldwide at a rapidly alarming pace and has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has more intensive and prolonged standing effects in the host body post-infection than the other related groups of viruses. The disease has caused an unforeseen need for the availability of intensive support because of the resulting critical respiratory distress and consequent multi-organ failure. What starts as an elegant fever with cough and headache, with body pain, runny nose, sore throat, quickly develops into loss of perception of taste and smell, with nausea, diarrhea, troubled breathing, chills; and finally results into grievous damage to the vital organs of the body, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, and even brain, necessitating the need of urgent and competent availability of critical care infrastructure. It is now the disease with the highest number of affected individuals recorded in the modern era. And, not only does the infection of Covid inflict highly significant morbidity and mortality rates amongst the population, but there have also been multiple and significant strains to the overburdened health care system and also, massively on the economy. Here in this article, our focus will primarily be upon the systemic pathology in the various organ systems and how the coronavirus has been affected. We shall discuss the Respiratory System, the Cardio-Vascular System, the Renal System, Central Nervous System, and the pathophysiology involved herewith after covid infection.

Clinical Presentation and course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care personnel working in dedicated Covid hospital during two pandemic waves in India

Introduction: Health care personnel (HCPs) are predisposed to infection during direct or indirect patient care as well as due to the community spread of the disease. Methods: We observed the clinical presentation and course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCPs working in a dedicated Covid care hospital during the first and the second wave. Results: A total of 100 and 223 HCPs were enrolled for the first wave and the second wave respectively. Cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose, and headache was seen in 40(40%) and 152 (68%) (p <0.01), 15(15%) and 64 (29%) (p = .006), 40 (40%) and 119 (53.3%) (p=0.03), 9 (9%) and 66 (30%) (p<0.01), 20 (20%) and 125 (56%) (p<0.01) respectively. Persistent symptoms at the time of joining back to work were seen in 31(31%) HCPs and 152(68%) HCPs respectively (p= <0.01). Reinfection was reported in 10 HCPs. Conclusions: Most of the HCPs had mild to moderate infections. Symptoms persist after joining back to work. Upgradation of home based care and tele consultation facilities for active disease and redressal of residual symptoms will be helpful.

PROGRAM VAKSINASI MASAL PADA SISWA SMA, SMK, DAN SLB DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT 2021

ABSTRAKWHO (World Health Organization) telah menyatakan Covid-19 sebagai pandemi dunia. Covid-19 masuk ke Indonesia sejak awal tahun 2020 dan angka kejadian dikonformasi positif terus mengalami kenaikan hingga saat ini. Indonesia memiliki rencana memberikan vaksinasi Covid-19 kepada anak-anak berusia 12-17 tahun. semakin lama anak tidak divaksinasi, maka semakin tinggi potensi munculnya varian baru Covid-19 yang lebih mengancam. Tujuan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu menjalankan tugas tenaga kesehatan dalam memutuskan mata rantai penularan covid-19. Hal ini juga berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah mengharapkan pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan normal kembali dan dengan proses tatap muka. Metode dalam Pelaksanaan kegiatan vaksin menggunakan penyederhanaan 4 meja menjadi 2 meja dengan 2 tahapan yaitu perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Target sasaran pada kegiatan vaksinasi ini adalah 2000 siswa. Hasil pengabdian yang didapatkan bahwa jumlah yang telah melakukan vaksinasi sebanyak 1900 siswa dan 100 siswa yang tunda. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan pelasanakan pengabdian masyarakat dengan menjalankan program vaksinasi masal pada siswa siswi SMA, SMK dan SLB se-Kota Mataram didapatkan hasil siswa siswi yang telah divaksin sebanyak 1900 siswa dan ditunda untuk melakukan vaksin sebanyak 100 siswa. Adapun faktor penundaan vaksin yaitu tekanan darah yang tinggi, memiliki riwayat penyakit seperti jantung, kanker, gula darah tinggi, sedang tidak dalam keadaan sehat seperti batuk, pilek, demam. Presentasi yang didapatkan pada kegiatan vaksinasi ini sebanyak 95% dari target yang telah ditetapkan. Kata kunci: anak sekolah; usia 12-17 tahun; vaksinasi; covid-19. ABSTRACTWHO (World Health Organization) has declared Covid-19 a global pandemic. Covid-19 has entered Indonesia since early 2020 and the number of positive confirmed cases continues to increase until now. Indonesia has a plan to give Covid-19 vaccinations to children aged 12-17 years. The longer a child is not vaccinated, the higher the potential for new, more threatening Covid-19 variants to emerge. The purpose of this community service is to carry out the duties of health workers in breaking the chain of transmission of COVID-19. It is also based on government regulations that expect the implementation of the teaching and learning process to run normally again and with a face-to-face process. The method in implementing vaccine activities uses the simplification of 4 tables into 2 tables with 2 stages, namely planning and implementing activities. The target for this vaccination activity is 2000 students. The results of the service found that the number of students who had vaccinated was 1900 students and 100 students who were delayed. Based on the results of community service activities by running a mass vaccination program for high school, vocational and special school students throughout the city of Mataram, it was found that 1900 students had been vaccinated and postponed to vaccinate 100 students. The factors for delaying the vaccine are high blood pressure, having a history of diseases such as heart disease, cancer, high blood sugar, being not in good health such as cough, runny nose, fever. The presentation obtained in this vaccination activity was 95% of the target that had been set. Keywords: school children; 12-17 years old; vaccination; covid-19.