scholarly journals LDCT Screening in Smokers in India—A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghavi Parang ◽  
Jankharia Bhavin
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Western World ◽  
Lung Nodules ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aim The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of low dose CT scan (LDCT) to pick up nodules and carcinomas in smokers in India. Methods A retrospective study of 350 smokers scanned with LDCT was performed in a private practice center in Mumbai, India. Their demographic profile, smoking history in pack-years, lung nodules, and associated findings/superimposed complications were recorded and analyzed. The nodules were assigned the appropriate Lung-RADS category and results of the patients undergoing biopsy were recorded. Results Of the 350 smokers, 15 (4%) were women . The mean age was 61 years (32–90 years) with a mean smoking history of 22 pack-years (1–160 pack-years). Lung nodules were found in 335 (93%) smokers, with Lung-RADS category 1 nodules seen in 117 (36%), category 2 in 133 (41%), category 3 in 29 (9%), and category 4 in 46 (14%) of positive scans. Seven of the category 4 patients who underwent biopsy showed carcinoma, with a mean smoking history of 30 pack years. Superimposed interstitial lung disease, airways diseases, and infections were also seen in the scans and recorded. Discussion It has been proven in the Western world that screening for lung cancer with LDCT saves lives with early pick-up of malignant nodules. This pilot study from India, shows that even in a tuberculosis endemic country, LDCT picks up malignant lung nodules early and saves lives. Conclusion Smokers with a more than 20 pack years history have a higher incidence of lung nodules, which may represent carcinoma, in a tuberculosis endemic country like India, as has been proven in other countries in the Western world. Larger studies and trials may be performed to elaborate further on this proof-of-concept study.

LUNGRADS AND UPDATE OF LUNG NODULES SCREENING BY LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang ◽  
Trong Khoan Le
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background: A pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded or irregular opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Early detection the malignancy of nodules has a significant role in decreasing the mortality, increasing the survival time and consider as early diagnosis lung cancer. The main risk factors are those of current or former smokers, aged 55 to 74 years with a smoking history of at least 1 pack-day. Low dose CT: screening individuals with high risk of lung cancer by low dose CT scans could reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 percent compared to chest X-ray. Radiation dose has to maximum reduced but respect the rule of ALARA (As Low as Resonably Archivable). LungRADS 2014: Classification of American College of Radiology, LungRADS, is a newly application but showed many advantages in comparison with others classification such as increasing positive predict value (PPV), no result of false negative and cost effectiveness. Key words: LungRADS, screening lung nodule, low dose CT, lung cancer

scholarly journals 4CPS-314 3 day course of low dose subcutaneous anakinra in patients with refractory moderate–severe COVID-19: a proof-of-concept study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Calvo-Aranda ◽  
I Canamares-Orbis ◽  
M Novella-Navarro ◽  
A Martinez-Alcala ◽  
MC Ortega De La O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study

Antidepressants Augmented with Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
S. Bise ◽  
G. Sulejmanpasic ◽  
D. Begic ◽  
M. Ahmic
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Therapy

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) does not consistently respond to any single antidepressant (AD) therapy. Adjunctive therapy with atypical antipsychotics (AA) showed higher response rates compared with AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole, an oral quinolinone, is the first AA agent to be approved in the US as adjunctive treatment in adult patients with MDD.Aim The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive low-dose aripiprazole combined with AD versus AD monotherapy in patients with MDD with minimal improvement after 4 weeks of prior AD monotherapy.MethodsTen patients with MDD and a history of minimal improvement to 4 weeks of AD monotherapy (escitalopram 10–15 mg/day, sertralin 50–100 mg/day) were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one (n = 5) with AD plus aripiprazole 5–7.5 mg/day and the other (n = 5) with AD alone. After baseline assessment, the subjects were followed up at weeks 2, and 4. The primary efficacy was the mean change in (HAM-D17) and CGI-I.ResultsThe aripiprazole group exhibited significantly better efficacy than the AD group in mean total score changes of HAM-D17 and CGI from the baseline to weeks 2, and 4. The item “work and social activities” of HAM-D 17 showed significant improvement at week 4, and the item “somatic symptoms (GI)” showed significant improvement at week 2.ConclusionsAdjunctive aripiprazole therapy significantly improved depressive symptoms in MDD who didn’t respond to AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole augmentation is an efficacious, well-tolerated and safe treatment for patients with MDD.

Prospective Determination of Aspirin Sensitivity in Patients Resistant to Low Dose Aspirin: A Proof of Concept Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica S. Westphal ◽  
Michelle Rainka ◽  
Michelle Amsler ◽  
Traci Aladeen ◽  
Caitlin Wisniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Aspirin Sensitivity ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin

scholarly journals Computational Hemodynamic Analysis for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerotic Changes in Intracranial Aneurysms: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using 3 Cases Harboring Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic Aneurysms Simultaneously

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichiro Sugiyama ◽  
Hidenori Endo ◽  
Kuniyasu Niizuma ◽  
Toshiki Endo ◽  
Kenichi Funamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Relative Residence Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

This was a proof-of-concept computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study designed to identify atherosclerotic changes in intracranial aneurysms. We selected 3 patients with multiple unruptured aneurysms including at least one with atherosclerotic changes and investigated whether an image-based CFD study could provide useful information for discriminating the atherosclerotic aneurysms. Patient-specific geometries were constructed from three-dimensional data obtained using rotational angiography. Transient simulations were conducted under patient-specific inlet flow rates measured by phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry. In the postanalyses, we calculated time-averaged wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time (RRT). The volume of blood flow entering aneurysms through the neck and the mean velocity of blood flow inside aneurysms were examined. We applied the age-of-fluid method to quantitatively assess the residence of blood inside aneurysms. Atherosclerotic changes coincided with regions exposed to disturbed blood flow, as indicated by low WSS and long RRT. Blood entered aneurysms in phase with inlet flow rates. The mean velocities of blood inside atherosclerotic aneurysms were lower than those inside nonatherosclerotic aneurysms. Blood in atherosclerotic aneurysms was older than that in nonatherosclerotic aneurysms, especially near the wall. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that CFD analysis provided detailed information on the exchange and residence of blood that is useful for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic changes in intracranial aneurysms.

scholarly journals COX-2 Overexpression in Schneiderian Papillomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215265672097368
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Suh ◽  
Kevin Hur ◽  
Elisabeth H. Ference ◽  
David D. Lam ◽  
Andrew Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cox 2

Background Schneiderian papillomas (SP) are aggressive sinonasal tumors that occasionally extend into areas that are surgically unresectable. Objective evaluate the signifcance of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in SP. Methods Immunohistochemistry for COX-2 was performed on SP samples and middle turbinates from chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps controls obtained during surgical resection between 2009–2017. A positive stain was defined as having 10% or more cells exhibiting diffuse immunoreactivity. Comparisons were performed using Fisher Exact tests, t-tests, and ANOVA. Results The study included 67 tumor samples and 9 controls from two academic institutions. The mean age of the SP group was 55.4 years and 53.2 years in the control group (p = 0.71). Thirty-nine (58.2%) SP patients had previous surgery compared to 1 (11.1%) in the control group (p = 0.01). The most common tumor attachment sites were the maxillary (47.8%) and ethmoid (25.4%) sinuses. Fifteen (22.4%) SP samples stained strongly positive for COX-2 and 24 (35.8%) stained weakly positive compared to no positive stains in the control group (p < 0.01). When stratified by COX-2 intensity, there were no statistically significant differences in gender, smoking history, history of previous sinus surgery, site of attachment, papilloma subtype, or future recurrence between SP samples. Conclusion COX-2 was overexpressed in 58.2% of SP cases, and strongly positive in 22.4% of cases, compared to no positive staining among controls. No significant differences in COX-2 expression were observed between SP subtypes or recurrent tumors. Further studies are warranted to evaluate COX-2 as a possible therapeutic target in tumors that overexpress the enzyme.

Natural History of Pure Ground-Glass Opacity Lung Nodules Detected by Low-Dose CT Scan

CHEST Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boksoon Chang ◽  
Jung Hye Hwang ◽  
Yoon-Ho Choi ◽  
Man Pyo Chung ◽  
Hojoong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Lung Nodules ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
History Of
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