scholarly journals Osteoarticular Infection of the Shoulder Joint Due to Trichophyton Spp. in a Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. e99-e103
Author(s):  
Julien Alexandre Feline ◽  
Julien Bernard Cabassu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Osteoarticular Infection ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Joint Lavage

AbstractA 10-year-old Labrador Retriever was referred for persistent lameness due to chronic right shoulder pain, unresponsive to various pain management therapies. Radiographs indicated signs of severe degenerative changes in the joint. Synovial fluid analysis was not diagnostic. Septic arthritis was suspected based on computed tomography and clinical signs. Arthroscopy allowed joint exploration, tissue biopsies, and copious joint lavage. Trichophyton spp. proliferation was identified on antimicrobial culture and histological analysis on samples obtained during arthroscopy. Oral griseofulvin therapy was initiated. Two months later, the referring veterinarian decided to interrupt the treatment after a negative synovial culture despite persistent lameness. Euthanasia was elected upon after pain also appeared on the tarsus; a post-mortem exam was not authorized by the owner. The origin of the infection remains unclear as this patient had no skin lesions and its immunological status was unknown. However, dermatophytosis has been reported in healthy dogs without skin lesions. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of an osteoarticular infection with a dermatophyte in a dog.

Standing Arthroscopic Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Sepsis in a Horse

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Elzer ◽  
Kathryn B. Wulster ◽  
Dean W. Richardson ◽  
Kyla F. Ortved
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Arthroscopic Debridement ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sonographic Imaging ◽  
Anatomic Relationship

A 15-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for investigation of fever, right temporomandibular region swelling, and progressive pain when opening the mouth. Right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sepsis was diagnosed based on synovial fluid analysis, sonographic imaging, and standing robotic cone-beam computed tomography. Concurrent otitis media and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) were also noted. The horse was treated with arthroscopic debridement and lavage during standing sedation followed by local and systemic antimicrobial therapy. There were no complications associated with the surgical procedure and the gelding’s clinical signs resolved. Arthroscopy of the TMJ can be accomplished in the standing horse and should be considered when arthroscopic exploration or debridement of this joint is indicated. This is also the first case report of concurrent otitis media, TMJ sepsis, and THO; due to their close anatomic relationship, it is possible that septic otitis media could lead to pathology in the TMJ and temporohyoid joint, as described in humans.

Stifle Joint Rotational Variation in Extended Stifles in Healthy Dogs Undergoing Computed Tomography Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Clara M. Allberg ◽  
Fintan J. McEvoy ◽  
Lene E. Buelund ◽  
James E. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Multiplanar Reconstructions ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Standard Deviations

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate stifle joint rotational stability in response to body position and repositioning in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods Nine dogs (18 stifles) with no history or clinical signs of stifle injury undergoing CT examinations for other reasons were included in the study. Dogs were positioned in alternating dorsal and sternal recumbency with the pelvic limbs extended caudally and unrestrained, for a total of four examinations. Scans included the entire tibia and distal femur. Using defined landmarks on the tibia and femur, stifle joint rotational angles were measured from multiplanar reconstructions made by two independent observers, and repositioning effects and intra- and interobserver agreement evaluated. Results Repositioning produced repeatable stifle joint rotational angles (pooled within-subject standard deviations of 0.9° and 1.4°) and intraobserver repeatability was good (within-subject standard deviations 1.4°), but interobserver agreement was poor. Dorsal and sternal positioning produced equivalent results. Clinical Significance The results indicate that little rotation occurs in the healthy extended canine stifle joint during positioning for CT and support CT as a method for assessing limb alignment around the stifle joint, provided that the limb distal to the femorotibial joint is unrestrained. Clinically, it is likely that measured changes in rotational angles across (and distant to) the stifle joint are real, rather than being due to rotation artefact during imaging.

Findings in post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) after cardiac surgery of the adult

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Vogel ◽  
H Gulbins ◽  
H Reichenspurner ◽  
A Heinemann ◽  
H Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Post Mortem

Congenital heart malformation of new born in post mortem computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Vogel ◽  
H Gulbins ◽  
H Reichenspurner ◽  
A Heinemann ◽  
H Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
New Born ◽  
Heart Malformation

scholarly journals Scopolamine fatal outcome in an inmate after buscopan® smoking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Strano-Rossi ◽  
Serena Mestria ◽  
Giorgio Bolino ◽  
Matteo Polacco ◽  
Simone Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
History Of

AbstractScopolamine is an alkaloid which acts as competitive antagonists to acetylcholine at central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. We report the case of a 41-year-old male convict with a 27-year history of cannabis abuse who suddenly died in the bed of his cell after having smoked buscopan® tablets. Since both abuse of substances and recent physical assaults had been reported, we opted for a comprehensive approach (post-mortem computed tomography CT (PMCT), full forensic autopsy, and toxicology testing) to determine which was the cause of the death. Virtopsy found significant cerebral edema and lungs edema that were confirmed at the autopsy and at the histopathological examination. Scopolamine was detected in peripheral blood at the toxic concentration of 14 ng/mL in blood and at 263 ng/mL in urine, and scopolamine butyl bromide at 17 ng/mL in blood and 90 ng/mL in urine. Quetiapine, mirtazapine, lorazepam, diazepam, and metabolites and valproate were also detected (at therapeutic concentrations). Inmates, especially when they have a history of drug abuse, are at risk to use any substance they can find for recreational purposes. In prisons, active surveillance on the management and assumption of prescribed drugs could avoid fatal acute intoxication.

scholarly journals Association between clinical respiratory signs, lung lesions detected by thoracic ultrasonography and growth performance in pre‐weaned dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Cuevas-Gómez ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
José María Sánchez ◽  
Edward O’Riordan ◽  
Nicky Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Consolidation ◽  
Severe Lung

Abstract Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of mortality among 1-to-5 month old calves in Ireland, accounting for approximately one-third of deaths. Despite widespread use of clinical respiratory signs for diagnosing BRD, lung lesions are detected, using thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) or following post-mortem, in calves showing no clinical signs. This highlights the limitation of clinical respiratory signs as a method of detecting sub-clinical BRD. Using 53 purchased artificially-reared male dairy calves, the objectives of this study were to: (i) characterise the BRD incidence detected by clinical respiratory signs and/or TUS, (ii) investigate the association between clinical respiratory signs and lung lesions detected by TUS, and (iii) assess the effect of BRD on pre-weaning growth. Results Clinical BRD (based on Wisconsin clinical respiratory score and/or rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC) was detected in 43 % and sonographic changes (lung lesions) were detected in 64 % of calves from purchase (23 (SD; 6.2) days of age) until weaning, 53 days post-arrival. Calves with clinical BRD were treated. Sixty-one per cent calves affected with clinical BRD had lung lesions 10.5 days (median) before detection of clinical signs. Moderate correlations (rsp 0.70; P < 0.05) were found between cough and severe lung lesions on arrival day, and between rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC and lung lesions ≥ 2 cm2 on day 7 (rsp 0.40; P < 0.05) post-arrival. Mean average daily live weight gain (ADG) of calves from purchase to weaning was 0.75 (SD; 0.10) kg; calves with or without clinical BRD did not differ in ADG (P > 0.05), whereas ADG of those with severe lung lesions (lung lobe completely consolidated or pulmonary emphysema) was 0.12 kg/d less (P < 0.05) than calves without lung lesions. Conclusions Thoracic ultrasonography detected lung consolidation in calves that did not show signs of respiratory disease. The presence of severe lung lesions was associated with reduced pre-weaning growth. These findings emphasise the importance of using TUS in addition to clinical respiratory scoring of calves for an early and accurate detection of clinical and sub-clinical BRD.

scholarly journals Error estimation on extracorporeal trajectory determination from body scans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riva ◽  
U. Buck ◽  
K. Buße ◽  
R. Hermsen ◽  
E. J. A. T. Mattijssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Surface Scanning ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Trajectory Determination

AbstractThis study explores the magnitude of two sources of error that are introduced when extracorporeal bullet trajectories are based on post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and/or surface scanning of a body. The first source of error is caused by an altered gravitational pull on soft tissue, which is introduced when a body is scanned in another position than it had when hit. The second source of error is introduced when scanned images are translated into a virtual representation of the victim’s body. To study the combined magnitude of these errors, virtual shooting trajectories with known vertical angles through five “victims” (live test persons) were simulated. The positions of the simulated wounds on the bodies were marked, with the victims in upright positions. Next, the victims were scanned in supine position, using 3D surface scanning, similar to a body’s position when scanned during a PMCT. Seven experts, used to working with 3D data, were asked to determine the bullet trajectories based on the virtual representations of the bodies. The errors between the known and determined trajectories were analysed and discussed. The results of this study give a feel for the magnitude of the introduced errors and can be used to reconstruct actual shooting incidents using PMCT data.

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