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Coatings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jingjing Mao ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Xinhao Feng

There always exists subjective and objective color differences between digital wood grain and real wood grain, making it difficult to replicate the color of natural timber. Therefore, we described a novel method of correcting the chromatic aberration of scanned wood grain to maximally restore the objective color information of the real wood grain. A point-to-point correction model of chromatic aberration between the scanned wood grain and the measured wood grain was established based on Circle 1 by adjusting the three channels (sR, sG, and sB) of the scanned images. A conversion of the color space was conducted using the mutual conversion formulas. The color change of the scanned images before and after the correction was evaluated through the L* a* b* color-mode-based ΔE* and the lαβ color-model-based CIQI (Color Image Quality Index) and CQE (Color Quality Enhancement). The experimental results showed that the chromatic aberration ΔE* between the scanned wood grain and the measured wood grain decreased and the colorfulness index CIQI of the scanned wood grain increased for most wood specimens after the correction. The values of ΔE* of the twenty kinds of wood specimens decreased by an average of 3.1 in Circle 1 and 2.3 in Circle 2, thus the correction model established based on Circle 1 was effective. The color of the scanned wood grain was more consistent with that of the originals after the correction, which would provide a more accurate color information for the reproductions of wood grain and had an important practical significance.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2161 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
G Ashwin Shanbhag ◽  
K Anurag Prabhu ◽  
N V Subba Reddy ◽  
B Ashwath Rao

Abstract Carcinoma detection from CT scan images is extremely necessary for numerous diagnostic and healing applications. Because of the excessive amount of information in CT scan images and blurred boundaries, tumor segmentation and class are extremely laborious. The intention is to categorize carcinoma into benign and malignant categories. In MR pictures, the number of facts is a lot for interpreting and evaluating manually. Over the previous few years, carcinoma detection in CT has grown to be a rising evaluation space in the area of the scientific imaging system. Correct detection of length and site of lung cancer performs a vital position in the designation of carcinoma. In this paper, we introduce a novel carcinoma detection methodology that helps in predicting the carcinoma from the CT scanned images. The methodology has 4 different stages, pre-processing the image data, segmentation, extracting features, and classification stage to categorize the benign and malignant. This work makes use of extraordinary models for detecting carcinoma in a CT test via way of means of constructing an ensemble classifier. Techniques proposed in the paper helped us achieve an accuracy of 85% using Ensemble-Classifier which showcases that model has the capability of predicting the malignant cases correctly. The ensemble classifier consists of 5 machine learning models like SVM, LR, MLP, decision tree, and KNN. The inevitable parameters like accuracy, recall, and precision is calculated to determine the accurate results of the classifier.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Chanunya Loraksa ◽  
Sirima Mongkolsomlit ◽  
Nitikarn Nimsuk ◽  
Meenut Uscharapong ◽  
Piya Kiatisevi

Osteosarcoma is a rare bone cancer which is more common in children than in adults and has a high chance of metastasizing to the patient’s lungs. Due to initiated cases, it is difficult to diagnose and hard to detect the nodule in a lung at the early state. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are effectively applied for early state detection by considering CT-scanned images. Transferring patients from small hospitals to the cancer specialized hospital, Lerdsin Hospital, poses difficulties in information sharing because of the privacy and safety regulations. CD-ROM media was allowed for transferring patients’ data to Lerdsin Hospital. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files cannot be stored on a CD-ROM. DICOM must be converted into other common image formats, such as BMP, JPG and PNG formats. Quality of images can affect the accuracy of the CNN models. In this research, the effect of different image formats is studied and experimented. Three popular medical CNN models, VGG-16, ResNet-50 and MobileNet-V2, are considered and used for osteosarcoma detection. The positive and negative class images are corrected from Lerdsin Hospital, and 80% of all images are used as a training dataset, while the rest are used to validate the trained models. Limited training images are simulated by reducing images in the training dataset. Each model is trained and validated by three different image formats, resulting in 54 testing cases. F1-Score and accuracy are calculated and compared for the models’ performance. VGG-16 is the most robust of all the formats. PNG format is the most preferred image format, followed by BMP and JPG formats, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Sun ◽  
Ryo Futahashi ◽  
Takehiko Yamanaka

Citizen science is essential for nationwide ecological surveys of species distribution. While the accuracy of the information collected by beginner participants is not guaranteed, it is important to develop an automated system to assist species identification. Deep learning techniques for image recognition have been successfully applied in many fields and may contribute to species identification. However, deep learning techniques have not been utilized in ecological surveys of citizen science, because they require the collection of a large number of images, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To counter these issues, we propose a simple and effective strategy to construct species identification systems using fewer images. As an example, we collected 4,571 images of 204 species of Japanese dragonflies and damselflies from open-access websites (i.e., web scraping) and scanned 4,005 images from books and specimens for species identification. In addition, we obtained field occurrence records (i.e., range of distribution) of all species of dragonflies and damselflies from the National Biodiversity Center, Japan. Using the images and records, we developed a species identification system for Japanese dragonflies and damselflies. We validated that the accuracy of the species identification system was improved by combining web-scraped and scanned images; the top-1 accuracy of the system was 0.324 when trained using only web-scraped images, whereas it improved to 0.546 when trained using both web-scraped and scanned images. In addition, the combination of images and field occurrence records further improved the top-1 accuracy to 0.668. The values of top-3 accuracy under the three conditions were 0.565, 0.768, and 0.873, respectively. Thus, combining images with field occurrence records markedly improved the accuracy of the species identification system. The strategy of species identification proposed in this study can be applied to any group of organisms. Furthermore, it has the potential to strike a balance between continuously recruiting beginner participants and updating the data accuracy of citizen science.


2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-018183
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Daying Dai ◽  
Jorge L Arturo Larco ◽  
...  

BackgroundCompositional and structural features of retrieved clots by thrombectomy can provide insight into improving the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, histological analysis is limited to quantification of compositions and qualitative description of the clot structure. We hypothesized that heterogeneous clots would be prone to poorer recanalization rates and performed a quantitative analysis to test this hypothesis.MethodsWe collected and did histology on clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from 157 stroke cases (107 achieved first-pass effect (FPE) and 50 did not). Using an in-house algorithm, the scanned images were divided into grids (with sizes of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm) and the extent of non-uniformity of RBC distribution was computed using the proposed spatial heterogeneity index (SHI). Finally, we validated the clinical significance of clot heterogeneity using the Mann–Whitney test and an artificial neural network (ANN) model.ResultsFor cases with FPE, SHI values were smaller (0.033 vs 0.039 for grid size of 0.4 mm, P=0.028) compared with those without. In comparison, the clot composition was not statistically different between those two groups. From the ANN model, clot heterogeneity was the most important factor, followed by fibrin content, thrombectomy techniques, red blood cell content, clot area, platelet content, etiology, and admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). No statistical difference of clot heterogeneity was found for different etiologies, thrombectomy techniques, and IV-tPA administration.ConclusionsClot heterogeneity can affect the clot response to thrombectomy devices and is associated with lower FPE. SHI can be a useful metric to quantify clot heterogeneity.


SPAFA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Sik Yoo ◽  
Jung Gon Kim ◽  
Kitaek Kang ◽  
Yeongsik Yoo

Colour is a primary characteristic of visual perception and a very important characteristic to describe cultural heritage works in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials. To quantify colours, portable colorimeters are often carried and used for measuring colour of interest. Spatial resolution of colorimeters is manufacturer and model dependent and typically worse than 3 - 10 mm in diameter. The colour measurement has to be done on site at the time of interest. It poses very significant limitations in colorimetric characterization of cultural heritages. In this paper, the possibility of extraction of colour information from digital photographs, scanned images and video files using customized image processing/analysis software (PicMan) was investigated for cultural heritage characterization applications. As colour information extraction examples, a commercial Gouache paint colour card, a digital photograph, a portrait of a Korean scholar of Joseon Dynasty and a severely deteriorated old medical text book before and after restoration were examined.  Colour information from various digital images was successfully extracted from points and regions of interest in RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, Munsell colour and hexadecimal colour code formats. The spatial resolution of colour information extraction is as small as a single pixel in a digital image.


Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Sneha B. Jagtap ◽  
Veera I. Bhosale ◽  
Amol S. Patil

Introduction: Various force systems are used in orthodontics to move teeth, such as continuous, intermittent and interrupted. Teeth responds differently to these orthodontic forces. Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the rate of canine retraction with intermittent and interrupted forces. Materials and Methods: A split mouth study was carried among eighteen participants. One side of maxillary arch randomly received interrupted force with elastomeric powerchain while other received intermittent force with elastics with magnitude of 150-170g for canine retraction on each side. For 15 weeks, participants were asked to wear the elastics 8 hours a day whereas the elastomeric powerchains were replaced by operator every 5 weeks. The outcomes were assessed using scanned images of study models collected at the beginning (T0) and 15 weeks later (T3) as well on OPG. Linear and angular measurements were used to measure the distal movement, rotation as well tipping of canines and the results were statistically analysed using Independent t-test. Results: The distal movement of canine on the interrupted force side was 0.98mm/5weeks and on the intermittent force side was 1.06mm/5weeks. The distopalatal rotation on interrupted and intermittent force side was 8.38° and 5.72°. Tipping measured on OPG was 5.72° and 5.27° for interrupted and intermittent force. No statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: The rate of canine retraction with interrupted force and intermittent force showed no statistically significant differences. Less canine rotation and tipping with intermittent force compared to interrupted force though not statistically significant.


Author(s):  
CHAO-YU CHIANG ◽  
YI-HUA CHEN ◽  
LUNG-FA PAN ◽  
CHIEN-CHOU CHO ◽  
BING-RU PENG ◽  
...  

The minimum detectable difference (MDD) at various beats/min (BPM) of CT angiography (CTA) was evaluated using an oblique V-shape line gauge and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom in this study. The customized phantom with the size of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm3 was made from a 1[Formula: see text]cm-thick PMMA. The reciprocating mechanism in the phantom was run by a step motor with an eccentric gear connected to a crank rod to provide a stable harmonic motion, simulating the cardiac beats. The MDD has a unique feature in defining the quality characteristic of CT-scanned images and provides more information than simple line pair/cm in the previous studies. The derived MDD was quantified according to various BPM, and the CTA factor combination was preset following either the conventional recommendation or the optimal one. In doing so, the performance was substantiated by the Taguchi-based signal-to-noise ratio and integrated by another index, namely, figure of merit (FOM). The MDD and corresponding [Formula: see text] (dB) changed from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and from 16.7[Formula: see text]dB to 14.2[Formula: see text]dB, respectively, for conventional settings; while those obtained for the optimal preset changed from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and from 12.2 dB to 16.4 dB, respectively of CTA at 0–90 BPM. The integrated FOM values for conventional or optimal cases were 1240 and 1337, respectively. The MDD proved to be a useful technique in justifying the CTA-scanned images. For compliance with previous studies, MDD results can be converted to the line pair/cm results, but it is more informative than the quantized number of line pairs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
S. I. Sivkov ◽  
S. P. Simakov ◽  
A. I. Vinokur

The article is devoted to the questions of cultural heritage preservation by creating the digital collection of book monuments. The original documents are monuments of book culture and their dilapidated state requires careful handling, splitting of documents for scanning is extremely undesirable. The market does not present the equipment for contactless scanning of books without embroidering, therefore an algorithm that allows digitalizing book monuments in a contactless way has been developed. The technique has been constructed using an algorithm based on the projection of the light grid on the object scanned. The authors propose a sequence of actions consisting of image processing and comparing the results between two images. The first snapshot determines the initial parameters of the grid; the second snapshot determines the actual distortion of the test snapshot. Subsequent mathematical processing allows getting scanned images without absence of geometric distortions of the scanned page due to the system of using the two-dimensional array of corrections. The application of the system has been modeled on the example of «The legend of the destruction of Siberian cities of Tara and Tyumen by the lesser Tatars / / Collection of moral stories, words, lives and other articles [hand.]». The evaluation parameters of the simulation result have been the following: text distinctness, absence of geometric distortions, color quality, uniformity of document scanning quality within a single book, etc., as checked and recognized as high by the experts.The experience described opens possibilities of book monuments digitization using the new algorithm. The development of the system is aimed at expanding the database of objects of material culture to be digitized, perfecting the software, improving the quality of digital images, as well as the capabilities of image recognition and search for the document itself and information it contains.


Author(s):  
F. Riva ◽  
U. Buck ◽  
K. Buße ◽  
R. Hermsen ◽  
E. J. A. T. Mattijssen ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study explores the magnitude of two sources of error that are introduced when extracorporeal bullet trajectories are based on post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and/or surface scanning of a body. The first source of error is caused by an altered gravitational pull on soft tissue, which is introduced when a body is scanned in another position than it had when hit. The second source of error is introduced when scanned images are translated into a virtual representation of the victim’s body. To study the combined magnitude of these errors, virtual shooting trajectories with known vertical angles through five “victims” (live test persons) were simulated. The positions of the simulated wounds on the bodies were marked, with the victims in upright positions. Next, the victims were scanned in supine position, using 3D surface scanning, similar to a body’s position when scanned during a PMCT. Seven experts, used to working with 3D data, were asked to determine the bullet trajectories based on the virtual representations of the bodies. The errors between the known and determined trajectories were analysed and discussed. The results of this study give a feel for the magnitude of the introduced errors and can be used to reconstruct actual shooting incidents using PMCT data.


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