Serum Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Relation with Different Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Siddiqui ◽  
Khalid Al-Rubeaan ◽  
Shaik Nawaz ◽  
Khaled Aburisheh ◽  
Anas Alaabdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

AbstractSex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is demonstrated to be decreased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of SHBG in relation to MetS components among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional study was carried out among 429 Saudi T2D male patients aged >30 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, albumin, and lipid parameter were measured. Gonadal hormones, namely total testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and SHBG were determined using ELISA. The SHBG levels of the MetS group was significantly lower than non-MetS group 47.25±31.03 nmol/l vs. 56.55±37.84 nmol/l; p=0.013. As the MetS score increases, SHBG and HDL levels decrease while weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FBG, HbA1c, TC, and TG levels increase. SHBG correlated with age, BMI, TG, HDL, TT, free testosterone, and bio-available testosterone. This is the first study that provides detailed analyses of SHBG with MetS components in male diabetic subjects. The mean serum SHBG levels gradually declined with the addition of MetS components in T2D men. TT, free testosterone, and bio-available testosterone remained independently associated with SHBG by multivariable regression analysis.

scholarly journals Association of sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone with mortality in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye N Tint ◽  
Rudolf Hoermann ◽  
Henry Wong ◽  
Elif I Ekinci ◽  
Richard J MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
All Cause Mortality

ObjectiveLow circulating testosterone levels have been associated with increased mortality in men. We hypothesized that the prognostic role of testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by its carrier protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study at a tertiary referral centre.MethodsIn total, 531 men with T2DM presenting to a diabetes clinic in 2004–2005 were followed prospectively until death, or July 31, 2014, and a survival analysis was performed. The main outcome measure was all cause mortality.ResultsOver a mean (s.d.) follow up of 7.6 years (2.6) 175 men (33%) died. In Cox proportional hazard models both higher SHBG (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.012 (95% CI 1.002–1.022), P=0.02) and lower calculated free testosterone (cFT) (HR 0.995 (95% CI 0.993–0.998), P=0.001) were risk factors for all cause mortality independently of age, BMI, presence of macro- and microvascular disease, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin, renal function, insulin use, C-reactive protein and homeostatic model of insulin resistance. By contrast, the inverse association of total testosterone (TT) with mortality weakened after these adjustments (P=0.11). SHBG remained associated with mortality (P<0.001) both if substituted for or added to TT in the multivariable model. In the fully adjusted model, an increase of SHBG by 17.3 nmol/l (1 s.d.) increased mortality by 22% and a decrease in cFT by 81 pmol/l (1 s.d.) increased mortality by 45%.ConclusionsThe association of SHBG with mortality in men with T2DM is novel. Whether SHBG acts via regulation of testosterone, has intrinsic biological roles, or is a marker of poor health requires further study.

scholarly journals Endogenous Androgens and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin in Women and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 4595-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fenske ◽  
Hanna Kische ◽  
Stefan Gross ◽  
Henri Wallaschofski ◽  
Henry Völzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

scholarly journals Human sex hormone-binding globulin does not provide metabolic protection against diet-induced obesity and dysglycemia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Sofer ◽  
Nava Nevo ◽  
Michal Vechoropoulos ◽  
Gabi Shefer ◽  
Etty Osher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the main transporter of sex hormones in most vertebrates. Low SHBG levels have been linked to increased risk for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Polymorphisms of the SHBG gene linked to low SHBG protein levels also strongly predicted increased risk of type 2 diabetes, thus raising the possibility that SHBG may play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. Aim To examine whether expression of human SHBG in mice may ameliorate the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Transgene mice expressing a human SHBG transgene (SHBG+) (N = 10/11; males/females) and their wild type littermates (N = 12/8; males/females) were fed HFD for 4.5 months. Results HFD induced comparable obesity in control and SHBG+ mice. Male transgenes had higher muscle mass after 2–3.5 months HFD (0.43 ± 0.028 (n = 4) vs 0.38 ± 0.053 g (n = 7), P = 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, as well as insulin or HOMA-IR, was not different in transgenic vs wild-type males after 4–5 months HFD. Female transgenes had higher fasting glucose (152 ± 29 (n = 7) vs 115 ± 27 mg/dL, P = 0.01 (n = 8)), but mean insulin and HOMA-IR were not different. Likewise, insulin tolerance test and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) were not different. Finally, SHBG+ mice were not different from controls in terms of liver enzymes, serum triglyceride levels and blood pressure. Conclusion In mice with diet-induced obesity, human SHBG did not protect against development of obesity or dysglycemia.

scholarly journals The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes

Andrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramachandran ◽  
R. C. Strange ◽  
A. A. Fryer ◽  
F. Saad ◽  
G. I. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

scholarly journals Low testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels and high estradiol levels are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes in men

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torkel Vikan ◽  
Henrik Schirmer ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Johan Svartberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo study the impact of endogenous sex hormone levels in community-dwelling men on later risk for type 2 diabetes.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.MethodsFor the analyses, 1454 men who participated in the fourth Tromsø study (1994–1995) were used. Cases of diabetes were retrieved and validated until 31.12.05 following a detailed protocol. The prospective association between sex hormones and diabetes was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, allowing for multivariate adjustments.ResultsThere was a significantly lowered multi-adjusted risk for later diabetes with higher normal total testosterone levels, both linearly per s.d. increase (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.92) and in the higher quartiles of total testosterone than in the lowest quartiles (HR 0.53, CI 0.33–0.84). A reduced multi-adjusted risk for incident diabetes was also found for men with higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, both linearly per s.d. increase (HR 0.55, CI 0.39–0.79) and when comparing the third (HR 0.38, CI 0.18–0.81) and the fourth quartile (HR 0.37, CI 0.17–0.82) to the lowest quartile. The associations with total testosterone and SHBG were no longer significant after inclusion of waist circumference to the multivariate models. Estradiol (E2) was positively associated with incident diabetes after multivariate adjustments including waist circumference when comparing the second (HR 0.49, CI 0.26–0.93) and the third (HR 0.51, CI 0.27–0.96) quartile to the highest quartile.ConclusionMen with higher E2 levels had an increased risk of later diabetes independent of obesity, while men with lower total testosterone and SHBG had an increased risk of diabetes that appeared to be dependent on obesity.

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