Above‐ and Belowground Trophic Interactions on Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in High‐ and Low‐Diversity Plant Communities: Potential for Biotic Resistance?

Plant Biology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Bezemer ◽  
O. Gra¸a ◽  
P. Rousseau ◽  
W. H. Putten
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Low Diversity

scholarly journals Abiotic and biotic resistance to grass invasion in serpentine annual plant communities

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Marie Going ◽  
Janneke Hillerislambers ◽  
Jonathan M. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Grass Invasion

Effect of Aminopyralid on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the Native Plant Community in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis L. Almquist ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Native Plant Community ◽  
Restored Prairie

AbstractAminopyralid efficacy on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and potential to injure native species was evaluated in a restored prairie at the Glacial Ridge Preserve managed by The Nature Conservancy in Polk County, MN. Canada thistle stem density was reduced from 17 to 0.1 stems m−2 10 mo after treatment (MAT) with aminopyralid applied in the fall at 120 g ha−1. Aminopyralid also altered the composition of both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. Aminopyralid controlled Canada thistle and removed or reduced several undesirable forb species from the restored prairie communities, such as absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). A number of high seral forbs were also reduced or removed by aminopyralid, including maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) and purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea). Foliar cover of high seral forbs in the native plant community was reduced from 12.2 to 7% 22 MAT. The cover of high seral grass species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) increased after aminopyralid application in both the Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities and averaged 41.4% cover compared with only 19.4% before removal of Canada thistle. Species richness, evenness, and diversity were reduced after aminopyralid application in both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. However, the benefits of Canada thistle control, removal of undesirable species, and the increase in native grass cover should lead to an overall improvement in the long-term stability and composition of the restored prairie plant community, which likely outweigh the short-term effects of a Canada thistle control program.

scholarly journals Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Weed Infestation

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: <em>Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense</em>.

scholarly journals Nutrient Enrichment Predominantly Affects Low Diversity Microbiomes in a Marine Trophic Symbiosis between Algal Farming Fish and Corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Adriana Messyasz ◽  
Rebecca L. Maher ◽  
Sonora S. Meiling ◽  
Rebecca Vega Thurber
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Pollution ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Porites Lobata ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Community Variability

While studies show that nutrient pollution shifts reef trophic interactions between fish, macroalgae, and corals, we know less about how the microbiomes associated with these organisms react to such disturbances. To investigate how microbiome dynamics are affected during nutrient pollution, we exposed replicate Porites lobata corals colonized by the fish Stegastes nigricans, which farm an algal matrix on the coral, to a pulse of nutrient enrichment over a two-month period and examined the microbiome of each partner using 16S amplicon analysis. We found 51 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared among the three hosts. Coral microbiomes had the lowest diversity with over 98% of the microbiome dominated by a single genus, Endozoicomonas. Fish and algal matrix microbiomes were ~20 to 70× more diverse and had higher evenness compared to the corals. The addition of nutrients significantly increased species richness and community variability between samples of coral microbiomes but not the fish or algal matrix microbiomes, demonstrating that coral microbiomes are less resistant to nutrient pollution than their trophic partners. Furthermore, the 51 common ASVs within the 3 hosts indicate microbes that may be shared or transmitted between these closely associated organisms, including Vibrionaceae bacteria, many of which can be pathogenic to corals.

scholarly journals Vegetation recovery in open cast mines of Tver Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Elena Parakhina ◽  
Ksenia Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Open Cast

In the study natural plant communities appearing at the first stages of vegetation recovery in open cuts are described. Sixty-three species of higher vascular plants were found, six of which are adventive (Bunias orientalis L., Cichorium intybus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Melilotus albus Medik., Sedum spurium M.Bieb., Solidago canadensis L.). Species from the Asteraceae (15), Gramíneae (8), Fabáceae (7) families prevail. The predominant life form according to I. Serebryakov are long-rhizome. According to G. Zozulin’s classification, plants belonging to the meadow and birch formations are most common. The associations of Calamagrostis epigejos and Bromus inermis predominate. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Heracleum sibiricum L., Campanula glomerata L. are single.

The lichens of Maly Island (Peninsaari) in the Gulf of Finland (Leningrad Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-466
Author(s):  
I. S. Stepanchikova ◽  
A. A. Rodionova ◽  
D. E. Himelbrant ◽  
J. Motiejūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
North Western ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

A lichen checklist for Maly Island (Leningrad Region, Russia) comprises 160 species, including 150 lichens, 9 lichenicolous fungi and 1 non-lichenized saprobic fungus. Lecidella effugiens is new to North-Western European Russia, Diplotomma pharcidium and Taeniolella delicata are new to the Leningrad Region. The lichen biota of Maly Island is relatively poor due to natural and anthropogenic factors: the island is small, sandy, lacking rocky outcrops, with low diversity of plant communities; all its forests are disturbed and young. The most valuable habitats for lichens on Maly Island are seashore communities and open pine stands on sand.

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and resistance to plant invasions A native community perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Inés Ibáñez ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laís Petri ◽  
Sam Schaffer-Morrison ◽  
Sheila Schueller
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Risk assessments of biological invasions rarely account for native species performance and community features, but this assessment could provide additional insights for management aimed at decreasing vulnerability or increasing resistance of a plant community to invasions. To gather information on the drivers of native plant communities’ vulnerability and resistance to invasion, we conducted a literature search and meta-analysis. From the data collected we compared native and invasive plant performance between sites with high and low levels of invasion. We then investigated under which conditions native performance increased, decreased, or did not change with respect to invasive plants. We analyzed data from 214 publications summing to 506 observations. There were six main drivers of vulnerability to invasion: disturbance, decrease in resources, increase in resources, lack of biotic resistance, lack of natural enemies, and differences in propagule availability between native and invasive species. The two mechanisms of vulnerability to invasion associated with a strong decline in native plant performance were propagule availability and lack of biotic resistance. Native plants marginally benefited from enemy release and from decreases in resources, while invasive plants strongly benefited from both increased resources and lack of enemies. Fluctuation of resources, decreases and increases, were strongly associated with higher invasive performance while native plants varied in their response. These differences were particularly strong in instances of decreasing water or nutrients, and of increasing light and nutrients. We found overall neutral to positive responses of native plant communities to disturbance; but natives were outperformed by invasive species when disturbance was caused by human activities. We identified ecosystem features associated with both vulnerability and resistance to invasion, then used our results to inform management aimed at protecting the native community.

scholarly journals VEGETATION OF FORESTED MIRES OF THE BASHKIR FORE-URALS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
I.G. Bikbaev ◽  
◽  
V.B. Martynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Mire Vegetation ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
The Republic

In the Bashkir Fore-Ural, 284 forested mires were studied. The total area of the investigated mires was more than 29 thousand hectares. Classification of mire vegetation was performed using Braun-Blanquet approach. The vegetation of forested mires of Bashkir Fore-Ural is characterized by low diversity and belongs to four associations of three alliances, three orders and two classes of vegetation, i.e. Alnetea glutinosae and Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. The brief description and geographical distribution of plant communities of associations are provided. It was shown that the communities of the alliance Alnion glutinosae have a wide distribution across in the Bashkir Fore-Ural by comparison with other types of forested mires. The forested mires with the predominance of pine and sphagnum mosses belonging to the alliance Vaccinii uliginosi-Pinion are most seldom type of vegetation occurring only in the northern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

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