Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense.

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Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m2. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: Avena fatua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., and Consolida regalis Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Papaver rhoeas L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Galium aparine L., and Chenopodium album L.

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Weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part I. Winter and spring cereals

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2004.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (1-2) ◽

pp. 207-219

Author(s):

Marta Ziemińska-Smyk ◽

Czesława Trąba

Keyword(s):

Loess Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Centaurea Cyanus ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Limestone Soil ◽

Different Soils

The study on weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of RPN was conducted in the years 1991-1995. The characterization of weed infestation of winter and spring cereals was based on 306 phytosociological records. made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The degree of weed infestation in the fields in the protective zone of RPN depended on environment conditions. Both winter and spring cereals in majority of soils were most infested by: Cenaturea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Vicia hirsta. In the lightest podsolic soils, made of loose sand and slightly loamy sand. winter and spring cereals were additionally infested by Equisetum arvense and two acidophylic species: Seleranthus annuus and Spergula arvensis. The crops in brown loess soil were infested by Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora. The most difficult weed species in brown soil formed from gaizes and limestone soil were: Convolvulus arvensis, Papaver rhoeas and Galium aparine. Moreover winter cercals in limestone soil showed high or medium infestation with Consolida regalis, Aethusa cynapium, Lathyrus tuberosus and low infestation with Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus. Spring cereals were less infested than winter cereals. Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus were less common with spring cereals than with winter cereals. Also, spring cereals showed high or medium infestation with Convolvulus arvensis. Spring cereals in some soil units were infested by Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. There was also higher infestation of spring cereals in limestone soils with Avena fatua, Veronica persica, Sinapis arvensis and Sonchus arvensis, compared to winter cereals in limestone soils.

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Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2001.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Andrzej Wesołowski ◽

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Cropping System ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and fenoxaprop-P-etylu) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine and Chenopodium album. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Stellaria media.

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Field-scale variability of weediness on arable land

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4019-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Hamouz ◽

J. Soukup ◽

J. Holec ◽

M. Jursík

Keyword(s):

Arable Land ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Weed Species ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Weed Mapping ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Grid Points ◽

Surfer Software

Weed mapping was conducted on 2 fields in Central Bohemia to characterize the spatial structure and temporal stability of weed populations over four years (1999–2002). A number of plants for each species and the total weed coverage were investigated on the grid points. To determine the weed infestation variability, and the Patchiness-Index was calculated. Use of Surfer-software, and weed maps were created. For single weed species occurrence the correlation between 1999 and 2000 was calculated. The results document heterogeneous occurrences of weeds, especially Cirsium arvense (PI = 9.09–15.86), Tripleurospermum maritimum (PI = 11.01–217.30) and Galium aparine (PI = 4.61–7.70), whereas Viola arvensis and Stellaria media were distributed more homogeneously. Weed grasses occurred in all years slightly. G. aparine is characterized by relatively high spatial stability.

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WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2018.6.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Halina Kurzawińska ◽

Stanisław Mazur ◽

Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽

Jacek Nawrocki

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Potato Cultivar ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Potato Culture ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

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(A review) N. I. Makunina. The forest-steppe vegetation of the West Siberian plain and the Altai-Sayan mountain region. Novosibirsk: Academic publishing house “Geo”, 2016. 183 p.

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2017.30.116 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 116-118

Author(s):

E. A. Volkova

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Publishing House ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Academic Publishing ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

West Siberian Plain ◽

The West ◽

Steppe Vegetation ◽

Floristic Classification ◽

Sayan Mountain

The monograph presents an overview of the forest-steppe vegetation of the West Siberian Plain and the Altai-Sayan mountain region. The questions of bioclimatic zonation of the Altai-Sayan mountain region are discussed. The biodiversity of foreststeppe is characterized, the floristic classification is performed, the scheme of eco-phytocoenotic classification is given, the basic types of plant communities are described in comparative terms. The diversity of forest-steppe landscapes is revealed, the structure of their vegetation is analyzed. The phytogeographical division of forest-steppe is worked out.

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(A review) N. I. Makunina. The forest-steppe vegetation of the West Siberian plain and the Altai-Sayan mountain region. Novosibirsk: Academic publishing house “Geo”, 2016. 183 p.

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2017.30.114 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 114-116

Author(s):

B. M. Mirkin ◽

L. G. Naumova

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Publishing House ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Academic Publishing ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

West Siberian Plain ◽

The West ◽

Steppe Vegetation ◽

Floristic Classification ◽

Sayan Mountain

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Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Sergeja ADAMIČ ◽

Stanislav TRDAN

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Rumex Crispus ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Ophraella Communa ◽

Tyta Luctuosa

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) – Gastrophysa viridula (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) – Apion violaceum (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) – Ophraella communa (LeSage, 1986) and Zygogramma suturalis (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) – Cassida rubiginosa (Müller, 1776), cleavers (Galium aparine L.) – Halidamia affinis (Fallen, 1807) and Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare L.) and black-bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus L.) – Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) – Galeruca rufa (Germar, 1824) and Tyta luctuosa (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

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Effect of Aminopyralid on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the Native Plant Community in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00019.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 155-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Travis L. Almquist ◽

Rodney G. Lym

Keyword(s):

Plant Community ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Native Species ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Stem Density ◽

Native Plant ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Native Plant Community ◽

Restored Prairie

AbstractAminopyralid efficacy on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and potential to injure native species was evaluated in a restored prairie at the Glacial Ridge Preserve managed by The Nature Conservancy in Polk County, MN. Canada thistle stem density was reduced from 17 to 0.1 stems m−2 10 mo after treatment (MAT) with aminopyralid applied in the fall at 120 g ha−1. Aminopyralid also altered the composition of both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. Aminopyralid controlled Canada thistle and removed or reduced several undesirable forb species from the restored prairie communities, such as absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). A number of high seral forbs were also reduced or removed by aminopyralid, including maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) and purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea). Foliar cover of high seral forbs in the native plant community was reduced from 12.2 to 7% 22 MAT. The cover of high seral grass species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) increased after aminopyralid application in both the Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities and averaged 41.4% cover compared with only 19.4% before removal of Canada thistle. Species richness, evenness, and diversity were reduced after aminopyralid application in both Canada thistle–infested and native plant communities. However, the benefits of Canada thistle control, removal of undesirable species, and the increase in native grass cover should lead to an overall improvement in the long-term stability and composition of the restored prairie plant community, which likely outweigh the short-term effects of a Canada thistle control program.

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The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.064 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 173-184

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Weed Species ◽

Spelt Wheat ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. Galium aparine and Apera spica-venti occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.

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