scholarly journals Medical Research, Its Place in the University Medical School

1905 ◽  
Vol 152 (16) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
THEOBALD SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
The University

A Local Area Network for Medical Research; Planning, Realization and Experience

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schosser ◽  
C. Weiss ◽  
K. Messmer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Installation ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
On Line ◽  
The University

This report focusses on the planning and realization of an interdisciplinary local area network (LAN) for medical research at the University of Heidelberg. After a detailed requirements analysis, several networks were evaluated by means of a test installation, and a cost-performance analysis was carried out. At present, the LAN connects 45 (IBM-compatible) PCs, several heterogeneous mainframes (IBM, DEC and Siemens) and provides access to the public X.25 network and to wide-area networks for research (EARN, BITNET). The network supports application software that is frequently needed in medical research (word processing, statistics, graphics, literature databases and services, etc.). Compliance with existing “official” (e.g., IEEE 802.3) and “de facto” standards (e.g., PostScript) was considered to be extremely important for the selection of both hardware and software. Customized programs were developed to improve access control, user interface and on-line help. Wide acceptance of the LAN was achieved through extensive education and maintenance facilities, e.g., teaching courses, customized manuals and a hotline service. Since requirements of clinical routine differ substantially from medical research needs, two separate networks (with a gateway in between) are proposed as a solution to optimally satisfy the users’ demands.

Methodology of ECG Interpretation in the Padova Program

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Degani ◽  
G. Bortolan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
Measurement Evaluation ◽  
Possibility Distributions ◽  
Linguistic Decision Making ◽  
The University ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

AbstractThe main lines ofthe program designed for the interpretation of ECGs, developed in Padova by LADSEB-CNR with the cooperation of the Medical School of the University of Padova are described. In particular, the strategies used for (i) morphology recognition, (ii) measurement evaluation, and (iii) linguistic decision making are illustrated. The main aspect which discerns this program in comparison with other approaches to computerized electrocardiography is its ability of managing the imprecision in both the measurements and the medical knowledge through the use of fuzzy-set methodologies. So-called possibility distributions are used to represent ill-defined parameters as well as threshold limits for diagnostic criteria. In this way, smooth conclusions are derived when the evidence does not support a crisp decision. The influence of the CSE project on the evolution of the Padova program is illustrated.

scholarly journals Medical Student Ophthalmic Knowledge Proficiency after Completing a Clinical Elective or an Online Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. e255-e266
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Abou-Hanna ◽  
Jonah E. Yousif ◽  
Ariane D. Kaplan ◽  
David C. Musch ◽  
Jonathan D. Trobe
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Clinical Rotation ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Written Examination ◽  
Michigan Medical School ◽  
The University ◽  
Michigan Medical ◽  
Online Group ◽  
School Curricula

Abstract Background As more information is being packed into medical school curricula, mainstream medical topics legitimately receive more attention than specialty topics such as ophthalmology. However, general practitioners, as gatekeepers of specialty care, must attain competency in ophthalmology. We have investigated whether an online ophthalmology course alone would be noninferior to the same online course plus an in-person clinical elective in providing ophthalmic knowledge. Methods Students at the University of Michigan Medical School voluntarily enrolled in one of two groups: an Online Only group requiring satisfactory completion of an online course entitled “The Eyes Have It” (TEHI) or a Clinical + Online group requiring students to complete a 2-week clinical rotation and the TEHI online course. The outcome metric was the score on an independent 50-question written examination of ophthalmic knowledge. Students also completed a survey assessing confidence in managing ophthalmic problems. Results Twenty students in the Clinical + Online group and 59 students in the Online Only group completed the study. The Clinical + Online group slightly outscored the Online Only group (86.3 vs. 83.0%, p = 0.004). When the two outlier questions were removed from the analysis, there was no difference in mean scores between the two groups (85.8 vs. 85.4, p = 0.069). Students in the Clinical + Online group devoted 80 more hours to the experience than did the students in the Online Only group. The number of hours devoted to the course and interest in ophthalmology were weakly correlated with examination performance. After completion of the experiment, there was no difference in student-reported comfort in dealing with ophthalmic problems between the two groups. Conclusion The examination scores of the students who completed the in-person alone were only slightly inferior to those of the students who completed the in-person clinical elective and the online course. These results suggest that an online course alone may provide a satisfactory ophthalmic knowledge base in a more compact timeframe, an alternative that should have appeal to students who do not intend to pursue a career in ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Academic relationships between Hungarian professors and the Second Vienna Medical School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Szende ◽  
Attila Zalatnai
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis article discusses the impact of the ‘second’ Vienna Medical School, hallmarked by Karl Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda and Ferdinand Hebra, on the study and practice of medicine in Hungary. Six medical doctors’ lives and achievements are outlined, who formed a bridge between Vienna and Budapest through their studies and work. Four of them returned to Hungary and promoted the cause of medicine and medical education there. Lajos Arányi (1812–1877) founded in 1844 the Institute of Pathology at the University of Pest. János Balassa (1814–1868) took the Chair of the Surgical Department. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis (1818–1865), the ‘Saviour of Mothers’, received a position at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vienna in 1846. Gustav Scheuthauer (1832–1894) became Arányi’s successor. Each of them continued to keep contact with their tutors in Vienna, especially with Karl Rokitansky, and followed the clinicopathological conception pioneered by the Vienna Medical School regarding diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases. Two physicians remained in Vienna: Mór Kaposi (1837–1902), who became known worldwide posthumously due to the connection between Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS, was the director of the Department of Dermatology of the Vienna University in 1878. Salomon Stricker (1837–1898) undertook the leadership of the Department of General and Experimental Pathology in 1872.

Darwin faces Kant: a study in nineteenth-century physiology

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
S. P. Fullinwider
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Hermann Von Helmholtz ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University

Recent explorations into Sigmund Freud's intellectual development by Frank Sulloway and Lucille Ritvo have directed attention to the significance of evolutionary theory for psychoanalysis. In this paper I shall pursue the exploration by showing how Darwin was received by members of the so-called Helmholtz circle (Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Brücke) and certain of Freud's teachers in the University of Vienna medical school. I will make the point that the Leibniz–Kant background of these several scientists was important for this reception. I will argue that the Leibniz–Kant tradition came forward to Freud by two roads, Helmholtz's unconscious inference as foundation for a physiology of the senses, and Arthur Schopenhauer's not unrelated uses of the principle of sufficient reason to explain the possibility of lawlikeness in a universe of lawless energies. Finally, I will suggest ways in which Freud received and used the tradition.

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