The Politics of Enjoyment: Competing Audience Measurement Systems in Britain, 1950–1980

Author(s):  
Stefan Schwarzkopf
Author(s):  
Natalia Quintas-Froufe ◽  
Ana González-Neira

Online audience measurement has always been difficult for various reasons, including the search for a suitable methodology to study particular characteristics of this media. The internet has been called the most well-measured media (Lamas, 2010), but many questions remain unresolved today. The aim of this study is to study the digital audience measurement system in the Spanish environment in order to provide indicators and parameters, as well as the technology used to measure the digital audience in the Spanish market. The current system for measuring digital audiences in Spain is analyzed based on a mixed methodology including statements by experts. The official measuring company, Comscore, bases its work on the census, sampling, and data from other collaborating digital operators. The results of the hybrid methodology provide digital consumption data for Spain. The experts’ opinions indicate that the system is not perfect and presents various deficiencies and challenges. A consolidated and consensual system remains far off, mainly because, since the object of study is in constant transformation due to technical advances, measurement systems must also be adapted to these new needs as well as to improvements in financing. Despite the introduction of new monitoring technologies, the current model barely reflects digital consumption in Spain. Resumen La medición de la audiencia online siempre ha generado dificultades, entre otros factores, por tratar de encontrar una metodología adecuada a las particulares propiedades del medio. Internet estaba llamado a ser desde su nacimiento el medio mejor medido (Lamas, 2010), sin embargo, hoy en día todavía quedan múltiples interrogantes por resolver. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la evolución del sistema de medición de la audiencia digital en el entorno español de modo que se aportarán los indicadores y parámetros, así como la tecnología utilizada, para medir la audiencia digital en el mercado español. A través de una metodología mixta se examina el sistema actual de medición de audiencias digitales en España contando con las declaraciones de algunos expertos del sector. La empresa medidora oficial, Comscore basa su trabajo en la medición censal, muestral y la procedente de datos de otros operadores digitales colaboradores. A través de la metodología híbrida presenta los datos de consumo digital en España. Las opiniones de los expertos indican que no se trata de un sistema perfecto y presenta algunas deficiencias y variados retos. Todavía estamos lejos de disponer de un sistema consolidado y consensuado, principalmente porque dado que es un objeto de estudio que se encuentra en transformación constante por los avances técnicos, también los sistemas de medición se tienen que ir adaptando a esas nuevas necesidades, así como a mejoras en la financiación. El modelo actual difícilmente refleja el consumo digital en España a pesar de haber introducido nuevas tecnologías de monitorización.


2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Katrien Berte ◽  
Philip Leroux ◽  
Dimitri Schuurman ◽  
Lieven De Marez ◽  
Els De Bens ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Elena Neira ◽  
Judith Clares-Gavilán ◽  
Jordi Sánchez-Navarro

The growth in popularity of on-demand content consumption, boosted by large global agents such as Netflix, Amazon and HBO, has brought audience fragmentation even further. Exponential growth in the content available to users (which reduces viewer concentration based on a limited selection), its commercialisation through a subscription-based business model (removing advertising from content) and the boom in consumption on different receivers, many of them mobile or outside the home (thus complicating people meter monitoring), has generated a new ecosystem where success can no longer be assessed using traditional audience measurement systems. This article discusses audience behaviour in streaming platforms and the new dimensions used to measure the success of a television series, above and beyond data provided by television audience measurement (TAM) techniques. From this analysis, the article reviews the transformation in the concept of popularity and how new audience indicators affect the structure of the content distribution medium, which adds further dimensions (engagement, customer retention, talent acquisition, new subscriptions and branding, among others) to more traditional elements (advertisers and international sales). Finally, we examine whether a single concept of audience, valid for all consumption models and audiovisual operations, can be established. Money heist is used as a case study, as it provides a good example of two ways of understanding audience: one linked to its commercial success in the Antena 3 Televisión channel’s scheduled programming and the other arising from its inclusion on Netflix, the platform that gave it worldwide popularity. Resumen La popularización del consumo de contenidos bajo demanda, impulsado por los grandes agentes globales como Netflix, Amazon o HBO, ha provocado una importante disrupción en los hábitos de consumo y ha intensificado el fenómeno de la fragmentación de audiencias. El gran aumento de contenido ofrecido al usuario (que reduce la concentración de espectadores a una selección limitada), su explotación dentro del modelo económico de la suscripción (que elimina la cotización publicitaria del espacio) y la multiplicación de consumos en distintos horarios y a través de distintos receptores, muchos de ellos móviles y fuera del hogar (lo que complica su monitorización), ha generado un nuevo ecosistema. Dentro del mismo, el éxito ya no se puede evaluar en base a los indicadores de la audimetría tradicional. En el presente artículo se aborda cómo se comporta la audiencia en el consumo de contenidos en plataformas de streaming y las nuevas dimensiones con las que se evalúa el éxito de una serie televisiva más allá de los datos que ofrecen las técnicas de medición de audiencias (TAM). Se repasa la transformación del concepto de popularidad y el impacto en el medio que distribuye el contenido de estos nuevos indicadores de audiencia, que añaden a los elementos tradicionales (anunciantes y ventas internacionales) nuevas dimensiones (engagement, retención de clientes, captación de talento, nuevas altas, branding, etc.). El estudio se integra en un marco de investigación más amplio que avanza en la construcción de un nuevo concepto de audiencia en el consumo de video bajo demanda en modelo de suscripción (tomando Netflix como referencia, dada su cuota de mercado) y reflexiona sobre si es posible un concepto de audiencia único aplicable a todos los modelos de consumo y explotación audiovisual bajo demanda. La casa de papel se ha tomado como estudio de caso, ya que es un buen ejemplo de estas dos maneras de entender la audiencia: la vinculada a su recorrido comercial de éxito en la parrilla de Antena 3 y la derivada de su incorporación a Netflix, plataforma donde se popularizó globalmente.


2002 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Balnaves ◽  
Liz Ferrier ◽  
Gail Phillips ◽  
Tom O'Regan

There is considerable ferment surrounding audience measurement systems in Australia and internationally (Balnaves, O'Regan and Sternberg, 2002). This article identifies the range and sources of this ferment. It pinpoints several pressure points such as the constitution of ratings panels and the problems of survey fatigue in a fragmenting media environment. Consideration is also given to ‘next generation’ ratings measurement technologies such as the personal people meter (PPM) and their likely impact upon the industry and its norms, and new media formats such as the personal video recorder (PVR) and the problems and opportunities they create for audience measurement systems.


First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Napoli ◽  
Anne B. Napoli

The widespread concerns about the misuses and negative effects of social media platforms have prompted a range of governance responses, including preliminary efforts toward self-regulatory models. Building upon these initiatives, this paper looks to the self-regulation of the audience measurement industry as a possible template for the self-regulation of social media. This article explores the parallels between audience measurement systems and social media platforms; reviews the self-regulatory apparatus in place for the audience measurement industry; and, considers the lessons that the self-regulation of audience measurement might offer to the design and implementation of self-regulatory approaches to social media.


2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.


Author(s):  
Leonard Bickman ◽  
Barry Nurcombe ◽  
Clare Townsend ◽  
Madge Belle ◽  
James Schut ◽  
...  

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