Evaluation of the Effects of Mobile Smart Object to Boost IoT Network Synchronization

This paper deals with the synchronization of Mobile Smart Objects (MSOs). Today, this scenario is becoming typical in Industrial IoT applications due to the plethora of MSOs available as robots, drones and wearables, equipped by sensors making them measurement instruments cooperating in distributed measurement systems. In this context, the synchronization accuracy is directly tied with the accuracy of the performed measurements. In hierarchical synchronization approaches, the presence of an MSO makes the network topology time varying, and this could prevent the synchronization of the whole network. Peer to peer approaches do not need node hierarchy to synchronize but could not converge to a common sense of time. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a consensus-based approach for which the convergence to a common sense of time is here demonstrated. The proposal deploys the MSO to bring the common sense of time from an SO to another, establishing new paths among SOs. The new paths are temporary and depend on the MSO’s route. In the paper, the influence of the MSO’s route on the synchronization accuracy σ and the time interval to synchronize all the SOs ∆TIS is investigated, also. The mathematical proof, the simulations and the experimental tests confirm that the MSO can reduce both the values of σ and ∆TIS, because the new connections introduced by the MSO can boost the exchange of information among SOs. Consequently, the criteria to a priori select the route ameliorating σ and ∆TIS values are proposed.

Enkripsi Database Sekolah SMK Pembangunan Dengan Algoritma IDEA

One of the algorithms in cryptography that can be used for school database security is the IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) algorithm. The IDEA algorithm is one of the cryptographic algorithms that has various applications in secure data transmission in the scope of networks and distributed measurement systems. Encryption results appear in the form of a notepad. The Open data button is used to find data that will be used for the encryption process. The key checklist is used to input the key length that will be used for the encryption decryption security process. The system displays the IDEA Cryptographic key, can use the IDEA Cryptographic key, the encryption and decryption change process is clearly visible. Encryption is done on the SMK Pembangunan school database with IDEA algorithm and designing the student database encryption application based on the name of the SMK Pembangunan using Visual Basic programming language.

DIGITAL MODELS OF INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

The issues of the information organization of the measurement control system of a distributed object based on digital models of its main blocks, databases reflecting the functional organization of each block, its input and output values aimed at increasing the accuracy of static and dynamic measurements are considered.

Green Energy Harvester from Vibrations Based on Bacterial Cellulose

A bio-derived power harvester from mechanical vibrations is here proposed. The harvester aims at using greener fabrication technologies and reducing the dependence from carbon-based fossil energy sources. The proposed harvester consists mainly of biodegradable matters. It is based on bacterial cellulose, produced by some kind of bacteria, in a sort of bio-factory. The cellulose is further impregnated with ionic liquids and covered with conducting polymers. Due to the mechanoelectrical transduction properties of the composite, an electrical signal is produced at the electrodes, when a mechanical deformation is imposed. Experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of delivering electrical energy on a resistive load. Applications can be envisaged on autonomous or quasi-autonomous electronics, such as wireless sensor networks, distributed measurement systems, wearable, and flexible electronics. The production technology allows for fabricating the harvester with low power consumption, negligible amounts of raw materials, no rare elements, and no pollutant emissions.

Application of Extended Kalman Filter to Dynamic Tracking Problem in R-LATs

Many applications requiring dynamic tracking have been needed in large-scale. As a novel distributed measurement system, RLATs is presented and the key techniques are shown in detail. Because of the intrinsical drawback of distributed measurement systems, the Extend Kalman Filter approach is introduced to eliminate the tracking error and improve the tracking accuracy. State space model of RLATs are formulated, and an analytical expression for the linearized measurement function is derived. Comparison with the method of LS simulated data which presented a considerable improvement and stability in accuracy and the proposed EKF method while target’s moving speed is less than 100 mm/s.

FROM DISTRIBUTED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS TO CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: A DESIGN APPROACH

Recently the technological advances have allowed the introduction of new standards to model and monitor control systems. The classical distributed measurement systems (DMSs) have been enriched with the use of a large number of new measurement devices, increasing the amount of produced data. New paradigms for their management are needed, that coupled with actuators, enable the integration of DMSs into more complex systems, known as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). CPSs application field includes different areas such as health care, power management in smart micro grids, and, more in general, management and execution of time-dependent event-driven systems. This paper proposes a framework that allows the modelling, analysis and the implementation of CPSs. In particular, the proposed framework introduces an original feature called model continuity that offers the possibility of using a same model for both simulation phase and real-time execution phase.