Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in the relatively new area of citrus plantation (Citrus spp.) in the absent of insect vector Diaphorina citri Kuw in Taro Village, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Both bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) and ‘Ca. Liberibacter americanus’ (CLam) are associated with HLB in Brazil, but with a strong prevalence of CLas over CLam. Conventionally, HLB management focuses on controlling the insect vector population (Diaphorina citri; also known as Asian citrus psyllid – ACP) by spraying insecticides, an approach demonstrated to be mostly ineffective. Thus, development of novel more efficient HLB control strategies is required. The multifunctional bacterial outer membrane protein OmpA is involved in several molecular processes between bacteria and their hosts and has been suggested as a target for bacterial control. Curiously, OmpA is absent in CLam in comparison to CLas, suggesting a possible role on host-interaction. Therefore, in the current study, we have treated ACPs with different OmpA-derived peptides aiming to evaluate the acquisition of CLas by the insect vector. Treatment of psyllids with 5 µM of Pep1, Pep3, Pep5 and Pep6 in artificial diet significantly reduced the acquisition of CLas, while increasing the concentration of Pep5 and Pep6 to 50 µM abolished this process. In addition, in planta treatment with 50 µM of Pep6 also significantly decreased the acquisition of CLas and sweet orange plants stably absorbed and maintained this peptide for as long as three months post the final application. Together, our results demonstrate the promising use of OmpA-derived peptides as a novel biotechnological tool to control CLas.

Download Full-text

Prevalent transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ over ‘Ca. Liberibacter americanus’ in a long-term controlled environment

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-06-21-0239-fi ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cândida de Godoy Gasparoto ◽

Isabela Vescove Primiano ◽

Renato Bassanezi ◽

Silvia Afonseca Lourenço ◽

Luiz Montesino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Orange ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Citrus Huanglongbing ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Citrus Orchards ◽

Test Plants

In Brazil, citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’ (CLam) and ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas). However, there are few studies about HLB epidemiology when both Liberibacter spp. and its insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri), are present. The objective of this work was to compare the transmission of HLB by ACP when both CLam and CLas are present as primary inoculum. Two experiments were performed under screenhouse conditions from April 2008 to January 2012 (experiment 1) and from February 2011 to December 2015 (experiment 2). The experiments were carried out with sweet orange plants infected with CLam or CLas as inoculum source surrounded by sweet orange healthy plants. One hundred Liberibacter-free adult psyllids were monthly confined to the source of inoculum plants for 7 days with subsequent free movement inside the screenhouse. Fortnightly, nymphs and adults of psyllids were monitored. Psyllid and leaf samples were collected periodically for Liberibacter detection by PCR or qPCR. CLas was detected more frequently than CLam in both psyllid and leaf samples. No mixed infections were detected in the psyllids. A clear prevalence of CLas over CLam was observed in both experiments. The final HLB incidences were 16.7 and 14.5% of Liberibacter-positive test plants, and CLas was detected in 92.3 and 93.1% of these infected plants. Mixed infection was observed only in 3.8% of infected test plants in experiment 1. These results endorse the shift in the prevalence of CLam to CLas observed in citrus orchards of São Paulo, Brazil.

Download Full-text

Genome Sequence Resource of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1249-a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 193-195

Author(s):

Yanjing Wang ◽

Takumasa Kondo ◽

Yurong He ◽

Zhuohuai Zhou ◽

Jinming Lu

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Introduction Pathway ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is an unculturable phloem-restricted α-proteobacterium associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Here, we provide the genome sequence of CLas strain CoFLP1 from its insect vector Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) collected in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. The CoFLP1 strain is composed of 1,231,639 bp with G+C 36.5% content. This study reports the first CLas genome sequence from Colombia, which will add to CLas genome resources and help to elucidate our understanding of the introduction pathway of HLB in South America.

Download Full-text

Distribution and Variation of Bacterial Endosymbiont and “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” Titer in the Huanglongbing Insect Vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-018-1290-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 206-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saeed Hosseinzadeh ◽

Masoud Shams-Bakhsh ◽

Marina Mann ◽

Somayeh Fattah-Hosseini ◽

Abdoolnabi Bagheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Vector ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus

Download Full-text

IDENTIFICACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA INCIDENCIA DE INSECTOS Y HONGOS BENÉFICOS ASOCIADOS A Diaphorina citri KUWAYAMA (HEMIPTERA: LIVIIDAE) EN PLANTAS TRASPATIO (Citrus spp. y Murraya paniculata) DEL CANTÓN CATAMAYO (LOJA - ECUADOR)

ECUADOR ES CALIDAD: Revista Científica Ecuatoriana ◽

10.36331/revista.v7i1.99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marlon Erráez Aguilera ◽

Marina Mazón ◽

Henry Troya Armijos ◽

Doris Valarezo Espinoza

Keyword(s):

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Murraya Paniculata ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Citrus Spp

En los últimos años, la citricultura mundial se ha encontrado amenazada por la presencia del psílido asiático de los cítricos, Diaphorina citri, un insecto perjudicial por ser portador de la bacteria “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (las)”, causante de la enfermedad Huanglongbing (HLB), que ha provocado la devastación de plantaciones y la reducción de la producción de cítricos en todo el mundo. En el año 2017 se reportó la presencia de D. citri en plantas traspatio del cantón Catamayo, en la provincia de Loja, por lo que la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo identificar los enemigos naturales (depredadores, parasitoides y hongos) asociados a D. citri, y evaluar su incidencia en campo. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos en plantas traspatio (Citrus spp. y Murraya paniculata) del cantón Catamayo. Los muestreos se efectuaron a una altura de 1,5 m de las plantas en los cuatro puntos cardinales de la misma. Se colectaron larvas y adultos de depredadores, ninfas parasitadas y adultos de parasitoides, y adultos de D. citri para el aislamiento de hongos. Como resultado de la identificación en el laboratorio, se determinó la presencia de 11 especies depredadoras (principalmente Cheilomenes sexmaculata y Chrysopa spp.), dos especies de parasitoides (Diaphorencyrtus sp. y Tamarixia radiata) y cuatro especies de hongos (Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp. y Alternaria sp.). Diaphorencyrtus sp. tuvo una tasa de parasitismo del 7,76 %. Estas especies podrían utilizarse para establecer programas de control biológico, aprovechando su potencial como reguladores de poblaciones de ninfas de Diaphorina citri.

Download Full-text

Genome Sequence Resource of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) from La Réunion

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-20-1998-a ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jinming Lu ◽

Hélène Delatte ◽

Bernard Reynaud ◽

George Andrew Charles Beattie ◽

Paul Holford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

La Réunion ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Introduction Pathway ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is an insect-transmitted, phloem-restricted α-proteobacterium associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Here, we provide the whole genome sequence of CLas strain, ReuSP1, from its insect vector Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) collected in La Réunion. The genome is composed of 1,230,064 bp and has a 36.5% G+C content. This study reports the first CLas genome sequence from La Réunion, which will add to CLas genome resources and help elucidate our understanding of the introduction pathway into La Réunion.

Download Full-text

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Infected and Non-infected With Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.630037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Liu ◽

Jiawei He ◽

Ziying Guan ◽

Mingzhao Zhong ◽

Rui Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Host Plants ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the transmission vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of citrus plants. The bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas) associated with HLB is transmitted between host plants by D. citri in a circulative manner. Understanding the interaction between CLas and its insect vector is key for protecting citrus cultivation from HLB damage. Here, we used RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the transcriptome and metabolome of D. citri interacting with CLas. We identified 662 upregulated and 532 downregulated genes in CLas-infected insects. These genes were enriched in pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, the insects’ immune system, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We also detected 105 differential metabolites between CLas-infected and non-infected insects, including multiple nucleosides and lipid-related molecules. The integrated analysis revealed nine pathways—including those of the glycine, serine, threonine, and purine metabolism—affected by the differentially expressed genes from both groups. The network for these pathways was subsequently constructed. Our results thus provide insights regarding the cross-talk between the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in D. citri in response to CLas infection, as well as information on the pathways and genes/metabolites related to the CLas–D. citri interaction.

Download Full-text

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus manipulates the expression of vitellogenin, cytoskeleton, and endocytotic pathway-related genes to become circulative in its vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-021-02641-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Damini Jaiswal ◽

V. Kavi Sidharthan ◽

Susheel Kumar Sharma ◽

Richa Rai ◽

Nandlal Choudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus

Download Full-text

Susceptibility of Sixteen Citrus Genotypes to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-15-0940-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 1080-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Greg McCollum ◽

Mark Hilf ◽

Mike Irey ◽

Weiqi Luo ◽

Tim Gottwald

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Citrus Germplasm ◽

Citrus Production ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter ◽

Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽

Florida Citrus ◽

Citrus Macrophylla ◽

Free Ranging

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is the most serious threat to citrus production worldwide and, in the last decade, has devastated the Florida citrus industry. In the United States, HLB is associated with the phloem-limited α-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and its insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP; Diaphorina citri). Significant effort is being put forth to develop novel citrus germplasm that has a lower propensity to succumb to HLB than do currently available varieties. Effective methods of screening citrus germplasm for susceptibility to HLB are essential. In this study, we exposed small, grafted trees of 16 citrus types to free-ranging ACP vectors and ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ inoculum in the greenhouse. During 45 weeks of exposure to ACP, the cumulative incidence of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection was 70%. Trees of Citrus macrophylla and C. medica were most susceptible to ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’, with 100% infection by the end of the test period in three trials, while the complex genetic hybrids ‘US 1-4-59’ and ‘Fallglo’ consistently were least susceptible, with approximately 30% infection. Results obtained in this greenhouse experiment showed good agreement with trends observed in the orchard, supporting the validity of our approach for screening citrus germplasm for susceptibility to HLB.

Download Full-text