Reflection and refraction of a spherical acoustic wave from a thin layer

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Banik ◽  
I. Lerche

The object of the following paper is to examine how far the hypothesis of a thin layer of transition between two transparent media will explain in detail the phenomena connected with the elliptic polarization produced by reflection at the boundary of two such media. This problem has been approached by the following writers :—L. Lorenz, ‘Poggendorff Annalen,’ 114, p. 460; Van Ryn Van Alkemaade, ‘Wiedemann Annalen,’ 20, p. 23; and P. Drude, 'Wiedemann Annalen, '34 and 36.


Author(s):  
William J. Baxter

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.


1981 ◽  
Vol 42 (C4) ◽  
pp. C4-365-C4-368
Author(s):  
K. L. Bhatia ◽  
M.v. Haumeder ◽  
S. Hunklinger

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