Analysis of noble gas recycling at a fusion plasma divertor

AbstractThe top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace (TGR-OBF) is a reasonable method used to reduce both coke rate and energy consumption in the steel industry. An important feature of this process is shaft gas injection. This article presents an experimental study on the gas–solid flow characteristics in a TGR-OBF using a two-dimensional cold model. The experimental conditions and parameters were determined using a series of similarity criteria. The results showed that the whole flow area in the TGR-OBF can be divided into four distinct flow zones, namely, the stagnant zone, the plug flow zone in the upper part of the shaft, the converging flow zone and the quasi-stagnant flow zone, which is similar to that in a traditional blast furnace. Then the effects of batch weight and the ratio (X) of the shaft injected gas flow rate to the total gas flow rate on solid flow behaviour were investigated in detail. With the increase in batch weight, the shape of the stagnant zone tends to be shorter and thicker. Furthermore, with the increase in X value from 0 to 1, the stagnant zone gradually becomes thinner and higher. The results obtained from the experiments provide fundamental data and a validation for the discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics-coupled mathematical model for TGR-OBFs for future studies.

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Calculation of Electron Impact Single Ionization TDCS of Tungsten Atoms at 200, 500 and 1000 eV

Atoms ◽

10.3390/atoms9020031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Ghanshyam Purohit

Keyword(s):

Electron Impact ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Projectile Energy ◽

Cross Section Data ◽

Scattered Electron ◽

Fusion Plasma ◽

Magnetic Devices ◽

Single Ionization ◽

Section Data ◽

Sensitive Dependence

We report triple differential cross-sections (TDCSs) for the electron impact single ionization of tungsten atoms for the ionization taking place from the outer sub shells of tungsten atoms, viz. W (6s), W (5d), W (5p) and W (4f). The study of the electron-induced processes such as ionization, excitation, autoionization from tungsten and its charged states is strongly required to diagnose and model the fusion plasma in magnetic devices such as Tokamaks. Particularly, the cross-section data are important to understand the electron spectroscopy involved in the fusion plasma. In the present study, we report TDCS results for the ionization of W atoms at 200, 500 and 1000 eV projectile energy at different values of scattered electron angles. It was observed that the trends of TDCSs for W (5d) are significantly different from the trends of TDCSs for W (6s), W (5p) and W (4f). It was further observed that the TDCS for W atoms has sensitive dependence on value of momentum transfer and projectile energy.

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