Effect of fiber orientation on ultimate tensile strength and young’s modulus of fabricated glass fiber reinforced polymer plates

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) beams have shown over a 20% decrease in weight compared to more traditional materials without affecting system performance or fatigue life. These beams are being studied for use in automobile leaf-spring suspension systems to reduce the overall weight of the car therefore increasing fuel efficiency. These systems are subject to large amplitude mechanical vibrations at relatively constant frequencies, making them an ideal location for potential energy scavenging applications. This study analyses the effect on performance of GFRP beams by substituting various composite layers with piezoelectric fiber layers and the results on deflection and stiffness. Maximum deflection and stress in the beam is calculated for varying the piezoelectric fiber layer within the beam. Initial simulations of a simply supported multimorph beam were run in ABAQUS/CAE. The beam was designed with symmetric piezoelectric layers sandwiching a layer of S2-glass fiber reinforced polymer and modeled after traditional mono leaf-spring suspension designs with total dimensions 1480 × 72 × 37 mm3, with 27 mm camber. Both piezoelectric and GFRP layers had the same dimensions and initially were assumed to have non-directional bulk behavior. The loading of the beam was chosen to resemble loading of a leaf spring, corresponding to the stresses required to cycle the leaf at a stress ratio between R = 0.2 and 0.4, common values in heavy-duty suspension fatigue analysis. The maximum stresses accounted for are based on the monotonic load required to set the bottom leaf surface under tension. These results were then used in a fiber orientation optimization algorithm in Matlab. Analysis was conducted on a general stacking sequence [0°/45°]s, and stress distributions for cross ply [0°/90°]s, and angle ply [+45°/−45°]s were examined. Fiber orientation was optimized for both the glass fiber reinforced polymer layer to maximize stiffness, and the piezoelectric fiber layers to simultaneously minimize the effect on stiffness while minimizing deflection. Likewise, these fibers could be activated through the application of electric field to increase or decrease the stiffness of the beam. The optimal fiber orientation was then imported back into the ABAQUS/CAE model for a refined simulation taking into account the effects of fiber orientation on each layer.

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Statistical analysis and theoretical predictions of the tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on resin type

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998318755866 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (21) ◽

pp. 2929-2948 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ahmed H Ali ◽

Brahim Benmokrane ◽

Hamdy M Mohamed ◽

Allan Manalo ◽

Adel El-Safty

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Vinyl Ester ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Strength Retention

This paper presents experimental investigation, statistical analysis, and theoretical predictions of tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars, made with vinyl-ester, polyester, or epoxy resins. The durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was evaluated as a function of time of immersion in alkaline solution. The aging of the three glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar types consisted of immersion glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar samples in an alkaline solution (up to 5000 h) at different elevated exposure temperatures. Subsequently, the physical and tensile properties of the unconditioned bars were compared with that of the conditioned bars to assess the durability performance of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars. Microstructure of all of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar types was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for both the conditioned and unconditioned cases, to qualitatively explain the experimental results and to assess changes and/or degradation in the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars. In addition, the long-term performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was assessed considering the effect of service years, environmental humidity, and seasonal temperature fluctuations. The test results showed that the tensile strength of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was affected by increased immersion time at higher temperatures and the reduction in tensile strength was statistically significantly dependent on the type of resin system. The prediction approach of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on the environmental reduction factor ( CE) after 200 years indicated that the CE values for vinyl-ester, epoxy, and polyester glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars can be conservatively recommended to 0.81, 0.75, and 0.71, respectively, for a moisture-saturated environment (relative humidity = 100%) and at 30℃. The polyester glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars experienced greater debonding at the fiber–resin interface than the vinyl-ester and epoxy glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.

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Effects of High and Low Temperature on the Tensile Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/370/1/012021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 370 ◽

pp. 012021 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Kumarasamy ◽

M. Shukur Zainol Abidin ◽

M. N. Abu Bakar ◽

M.S. Nazida ◽

Z. Mustafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

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Influence of rib parameters on mechanical properties and bond behavior in concrete of fiber-reinforced polymer rebar

Advances in Structural Engineering ◽

10.1177/1369433220947196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 196-208

Author(s):

Pu Zhang ◽

Shuangquan Zhang ◽

Danying Gao ◽

Fang Dong ◽

Ye Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Bond Behavior ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced

Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer rebar and bond behavior between the fiber-reinforced polymer rebar and concrete are highly related to rib parameters, including rib depth and rib spacing. Therefore, rib parameters should be taken into account when fiber-reinforced polymer bars are used as the structure reinforcement. In this article, the tensile properties of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer rebars with different rib depths and rib spacings are tested. The influences of different rib depths and rib spacings on the bond behavior between glass-fiber-reinforced polymer rebar and concrete are investigated by pull-out test. Experimental results show that the rib depth has a distinctive effect on the ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and ultimate elongation of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer rebar. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer rebar with shallow rib are remarkably higher than those of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer bars with deep rib. However, compared with the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer bars with shallow rib, the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer bars with deep rib contribute larger bond strength with concrete. Besides, the bond strength and basic anchorage length are predicted by taking rib depth and rib spacing into account. A modified Bertero–Popov–Eligehausen model is adopted to simulate the bond stress–slip behavior, and the ascending branch of bond stress–slip curve expressed by rib depth and rib spacing is also proposed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the test ones.

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Design and Analysis of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Leaf Spring

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/aug2013/70 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 211-215

Author(s):

Devendra. K Damor ◽

◽

K. D Kothari K. D Kothari

Keyword(s):

Glass Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Leaf Spring ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced

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Investigation into the Effect of Cutting Conditions in Turning on the Surface Properties of Filament Winding GFRP Pipe Rings

Machines ◽

10.3390/machines9010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Gabriel Mansour ◽

Panagiotis Kyratsis ◽

Apostolos Korlos ◽

Dimitrios Tzetzis

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Filament Winding ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced

There are numerous engineering applications where Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite tubes are utilized, such as desalination plants, power transmission systems, and paper mill, as well as marine, industries. Some type of machining is required for those various applications either for joining or fitting procedures. Machining of GFRP has certain difficulties that may damage the tube itself because of fiber delamination and pull out, as well as matrix deboning. Additionally, short machining tool life may be encountered while the formation of powder like chips maybe relatively hazardous. The present paper investigates the effect of process parameters for surface roughness of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite pipes manufactured using the filament winding process. Experiments were conducted based on the high-speed turning Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine using Poly-Crystalline Diamond (PCD) tool. The process parameters considered were cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Mathematical models for the surface roughness were developed based on the experimental results, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been performed with a confidence level of 95% for validation of the models.

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