Frozen in Time

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D Stilwell ◽  
John A Long
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Real ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Remote Sites

No other continent on Earth has undergone such radical environmental changes as Antarctica. In its transition from rich biodiversity to the barren, cold land of blizzards we see today, Antarctica provides a dramatic case study of how subtle changes in continental positioning can affect living communities, and how rapidly catastrophic changes can come about. Antarctica has gone from paradise to polar ice in just a few million years, a geological blink of an eye when we consider the real age of Earth. Frozen in Time presents a comprehensive overview of the fossil record of Antarctica framed within its changing environmental settings, providing a window into a past time and environment on the continent. It reconstructs Antarctica’s evolving animal and plant communities as accurately as the fossil record permits. The story of how fossils were first discovered in Antarctica is a triumph of human endeavour. It continues today with modern expeditions going out to remote sites every year to fill in more of the missing parts of the continent’s great jigsaw of life.

Advanced IR-OBIRCH Analysis Technique for High Isb Failure Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Hsiung Chen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wu ◽  
Yu Hsiang Shu ◽  
Jian Chan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Leakage Failure ◽  
Failure Site

Abstract IR-OBIRCH (Infrared Ray – Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change) is one of the main failure analysis techniques [1] [2] [3] [4]. It is a useful tool to do fault localization on leakage failure cases such as poor Via or contact connection, FEoL or BEoL pattern bridge, and etc. But the real failure sites associated with the above failure mechanisms are not always found at the OBIRCH spot locations. Sometimes the real failure site is far away from the OBIRCH spot and it will result in inconclusive PFA Analysis. Finding the real failure site is what matters the most for fault localization detection. In this paper, we will introduce one case using deep sub-micron process generation which suffers serious high Isb current at wafer donut region. In this case study a BEoL Via poor connection is found far away from the OBIRCH spots. This implies that layout tracing skill and relation investigation among OBIRCH spots are needed for successful failure analysis.

A functional analysis of resistance of plant communities to disturbance: a case study of Beijing nature reserves

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Wang Guohong ◽  
Wang Xiaoping ◽  
Zhang Weikang ◽  
Li He ◽  
Du Lianhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Nature Reserves

A Dynamic Service Pool Size Configuration Mechanism for Service-Oriented Workflow

2011 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan He ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Kai Gui Wu ◽  
Jun Hao Wen
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Overall Reliability

Service-oriented workflows are the fundamental structures in service-oriented applications and changes in the workflow could cause dramatic changes in system reliability. In several ways to re-heal workflows in execution, re-sizing service pools in the workflow is practical and easy to implement. In order to quickly adjust to workflow or environmental changes, this paper presents a dynamic service pool size configuration mechanism from the point of view of maintaining workflow reliability. An architecture-based reliability model is used to evaluate the overall reliability of a workflow with service pools and an optimal method is proposed to get the combination of service pool size aiming at minimizing the sum of service pool size subject to the workflow reliability requirement. A case study is used to explain this method and experiment results show how to change service pool size to meet the workflow reliability requirements.

Hydrological changes in the Rzecin peatland (Puszcza Notecka, Poland) induced by anthropogenic factors: Implications for mire development and carbon sequestration

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Milecka ◽  
Grzegorz Kowalewski ◽  
Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Mariusz Lamentowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carbon Accumulation Rates

Wetlands are very vulnerable ecosystems and sensitive to changes in the ground water table. For the last few thousand years, hydrological balance has also been influenced by human activity. To improve their cropping features, drainage activity and fertilizing were applied. The drainage process led to an abrupt change of environment, the replacement of plant communities and the entire ecosystem. The problem of carbon sequestration is very important nowadays. A higher accumulation rate is related to higher carbon accumulation, but the intensity of carbon sequestration depends on the type of mire, habitat, and climatic zone. The main aim of this article was an examination of the changes in poor-fen ecosystem during the last 200 years in relation to natural and anthropogenic factors, using paleoecological methods (pollen and macrofossils). The second aim was a detailed investigation of the sedimentary record to aid our understanding of carbon sequestration in the poor fen of temperate zone. This case study shows that fens in temperate zones, in comparison with boreal ones, show higher carbon accumulation rates which have been especially intensive over the last few decades. To reconstruct vegetation changes, detailed palynological and macrofossil analyses were done. A 200-year history of the mire revealed that it was influenced by human activity to much degree. However, despite the nearby settlement and building of the drainage ditch, the precious species and plant communities still occur.

Decoding the Globe: Globalism, Advertising, and Corporate Practice

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McHaffie
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Space Program ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Hewlett Packard ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Us ◽  
Corporate Practice

The current graphical rhetoric of advertising includes everything from images of the globe borrowed from the US space program (for example, Hewlett-Packard Corp. computer systems), to pseudotribal renderings of a very different sort [for example, Minute Maid's (The Coca Cola Co.) Fruitopia]. The use of these images are part of what Goldman calls the economy of ‘commodity signs’, where produced meanings are linked to commodities through the medium of the print or broadcast advertisement. The increased incorporation of global images in Western advertising presents an opportunity to analyze the ideological underpinning of the ‘new global economy’. The sheer volume of purchased advertising space places these often confusing images before our eyes at an increasing pace, producing meanings which tend to obfuscate and fetishize discourse related to globalism. A decoding of specific advertisements with the use of the Hewlett-Packard Corporation as a case study, juxtaposed against the real spatial practices of the company will reveal ruptures, contradictions, and incoherence in advertising messages which appropriate the symbolic power of global images.

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