Genetic relationships between live animal scan traits and carcass traits of Australian Angus bulls and heifers

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Vinzent Börner ◽  
David J. Johnston ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Eye Muscle

Genetic parameters of four ultrasound live-scan traits and five carcass traits of Australian Angus cattle were examined with regard to sex and age of the scanned individuals. Live-scans were subdivided according to whether the observation was obtained from a bull or a heifer. In addition, two age subset (‘young’ and ‘old’) within sex were formed by k-means clustering around two centres within sex according to the age at scanning. REML estimates for heritabilities, genetic, residual and phenotypic correlations for each trait and trait combination were derived from a series of uni-, bi- and tri-variate analysis. Statistically significant age effects could be found for heritablities of scan intra-muscular fat content in heifers and scan fat depth at P8 site and scan rib fat depth in bulls, and for genetic correlations between the scan traits fat depth at P8 site, rib fat depth and eye muscle area. However, differences in heritablities between age sets within sex did not exceed 0.05, and genetic correlations between scan traits of ‘young’ and ‘old’ animals were at least 0.9. Differences between genetic correlations of abattoir carcass traits and ‘young’ and ‘old’ live-scan traits, respectively, were not significant due to high standard errors but up to 0.44. The larger of these differences were found for combinations of scan-traits and non-target carcass traits and not for combination of scan-traits and their actual carcass target traits. Thus, although some results suggest an age effect on the genetic parameters of scan traits, the extent of this effect is of limited impact on breeding value accuracy and genetic gain of scan traits. Furthermore, a possible age effect on correlations to economically important carcass traits need to be underpinned by more carcass traits observations in order to get unambiguous results allowing to draw consequences of scanning younger individuals for accuracy of breeding values and genetic gain in carcass traits.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Correlation between Yearling Ultrasound Measurements and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deuk-Hwan Lee ◽  
Hong-Sik Kong ◽  
Jiyeon Seong ◽  
Hossein Mehrban
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Genetic parameters have a significant role in designing a breeding program and are required to evaluate economically important traits. The objective of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlation between yearling ultrasound measurements, such as backfat thickness (UBFT), eye muscle area (UEMA), intramuscular fat content (UIMF), and carcass traits, such as backfat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), marbling score (MS) at approximately 24 months of age, as well as yearling weight (YW) in Hanwoo bulls (15,796) and steers (5682). The (co) variance components were estimated using a multi-trait animal model. Moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained and were 0.42, 0.50, 0.56, and 0.59 for CW, EMA, BFT, and MS, respectively. Heritability estimates for yearling measurements of YW, UEMA, UBFT, and UIMF were 0.31, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.19, respectively. Favorable and strong genetic correlations were observed between UIMF and MS (0.78), UBFT and BFT (0.63), and UEMA and EMA (0.65). Moreover, the estimated genetic correlation between YW and CW was high (0.84) and relatively moderate between YW and EMA (0.43). These results suggest that genetic improvement can be achieved for carcass traits when using yearling ultrasound measurements as selection criteria in ongoing Hanwoo breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effect of errors in pedigree on the accuracy of estimated breeding value for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemela Peter Nwogwugwu ◽  
Yeongkuk Kim ◽  
Yun Ji Chung ◽  
Sung Bong Jang ◽  
Seung Hee Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Estimated Breeding Value ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pedigree errors (PEs) on the accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) and genetic gain for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle.Methods: The raw data set was based on the pedigree records of Korean Hanwoo cattle. The animals’ information was obtained using Hanwoo registration records from Korean animal improvement association database. The record comprised of 46,704 animals, where the number of the sires used was 1,298 and the dams were 38,366 animals. The traits considered were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS). Errors were introduced in the pedigree dataset through randomly assigning sires to all progenies. The error rates substituted were 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. A simulation was performed to produce a population of 1,650 animals from the pedigree data. A restricted maximum likelihood based animal model was applied to estimate the EBV, accuracy of the EBV, expected genetic gain, variance components, and heritability (h2) estimates for carcass traits. Correlation of the simulated data under PEs was also estimated using Pearson’s method.Results: The results showed that the carcass traits per slaughter year were not consistent. The average CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 342.60 kg, 78.76 cm<sup>2, 8.63 mm, and 3.31, respectively. When errors were introduced in the pedigree, the accuracy of EBV, genetic gain and h2 of carcass traits was reduced in this study. In addition, the correlation of the simulation was slightly affected under PEs.Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of PEs on the accuracy of EBV and genetic parameters for carcass traits, which provides valuable information for further study in Korean Hanwoo cattle.

Genetic parameters of carcass quality in Down cross sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
J. E. Marshall ◽  
J. S. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
Commercial Value

This report gives an account of the paternal half-sib analysis of carcass quality, based on commercial joint dissection, on Down cross sheep collected in the four years 1962–65 inclusive. It also includes a discussion of the multiplicative correction factors used, and the phenotypic and genetic correlations between all the traits, estimated from the pooled within-farm, within-year analysis. It shows that there is very little genetic variation for many of the characters but that the percentage leg, percentage best end, age at slaughter and eye-muscle area have much additive genetic variation remaining for worthwhile response to be expected from selection. These three carcass traits are also the most important characters in determining the commercial value and saleability of lamb. From the results obtained it is argued that there is still much genetic variation for fat development in sheep.

scholarly journals Estimation of environmental effects and genetic parameters of carcass traits on Chikso (Korean brindle cattle)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Park ◽  
Tae Jeong Choi ◽  
Mi Na Park ◽  
Sang-Hyon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle

Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement.Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs.Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo’s. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo.Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.

Maternal body composition in seedstock herds. 4. Genetic parameters for body composition of Angus and Hereford cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Donoghue ◽  
S. J. Lee ◽  
P. F. Parnell ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Life Traits ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Over Time

The genetics of body composition traits measured before calving and at weaning in the first and second parities were evaluated in 5975 Angus and 1785 Hereford cows. Traits measured were liveweight, body condition score and hip height and ultrasound scanned measurements of subcutaneous P8 and 12/13th rib fat depth, loin eye muscle area and intramuscular fat percentage. Corresponding yearling measures on these animals were obtained for analyses of relationships between yearling information with later-in-life traits. There was moderate genetic variation in all body composition traits measured at pre-calving and weaning in Angus (h2 = 0.14–0.59) and Hereford (h2 = 0.14–0.64) cows. Genetic correlations between measurements of the same trait at pre-calving and weaning were consistently positive and high in both parities for both breeds, indicating animals were ranking similarly for the same trait measured over time. Genetic correlations between measurements of different traits were generally consistent over time (pre-calving and weaning) in both breeds, indicating genetic relationships between traits were not changing significantly over time. Genetic correlations with corresponding yearling measures of body composition were consistently positive and high for the first parity, and lower for the second parity. The results of this study indicate that genetic improvement in body composition traits in cows is possible, and that body composition information recorded at yearling age is a reasonably good predictor of later in life performance for these traits.

Genetic parameters for terminal sires estimated using data of progeny from Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
ME Goddard ◽  
LP Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Omental Fat

Three and a half thousand lambs from Border Leicester x Merino ewes mated to 133 sires from five Poll Dorset, one White Suffolk, one Siromt, two Meridale and four Merino studs were slaughtered, their carcasses halved and one side divided into six primals. Subcutaneous fat was dissected from all six primals, and bone from only the three rear primals. There were four slaughter groups: average slaughter weights of 30 and 35 kg for ewes and 35 and 45 kg for cryptorchids. Heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations for all traits measured (>50) are published in an appendix. Where comparisons were available, estimates were similar to those for purebred animals. Genetic parameters for various assessments of fat were similar except for channel and omental fat. The GR fat depth was the best predictor for total subcutaneous fat, cannon bone length for total bone, and eye muscle area for total soft tissue. Carcass weight and GR appear to be the most important measurements for use in selection for breeding of sires for the prime lamb industry. Slaughter weight and fat depth at the C site could be used as suitable alternatives on live animals. Production of lean meat is not likely to be increased greatly by including measurements other than liveweight and GR in a selection index. Of the other measurements bone length and eye muscle measurements showed most promise.

Genetic parameters among growth and carcass traits of Canadian Charolais cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., M. Lowerison ◽  
N. Caron ◽  
R. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area

Genetic parameters for three growth and five carcass traits were estimated for Charolais using a combination of carcass progeny test, purebred field performance and pedigree data. Heritabilities and genetic and residual correlations were derived from variance components for birth weight (BWT, n = 54 221), 205-d weaning weight (WT205, n = 31 384), postweaning gain (PWG, n = 19 403), hot carcass weight (HCW, n = 6958), average subcutaneous fat thickness (FAT, n = 6866), longissimus muscle area (REA, n = 6863), marbling score (MAR, n = 6903) and estimated carcass lean yield percentage (PLY, n = 6852) with an animal model (n = 78 728) and restricted maximum likelihood. Breed of dam and contemporary group appropriate to each trait were included as fixed effects in the model, whereas random effects included direct genetic for all traits, maternal genetic for BWT and WT205, and maternal permanent environmental for WT205. Carcass traits were adjusted to a constant harvest age of 425 d. Heritability estimates of 0.53, 0.22, and 0.21 were obtained for direct components of BWT, WT205, and PWG, respectively, and maternal heritabilities were 0.16 and 0.10 for BWT and WT205, respectively. Direct × maternal genetic correlations for BWT (-0.49) and WT205 (-0.35) were negative. Heritabilities for HCW, FAT, REA, MAR, and PLY were 0.33, 0.39, 0.43, 0.34, and 0.46, respectively. Genetic correlations among direct effects for growth traits were moderately positive and generally uncorrelated with maternal effects across traits. Lean and fat deposition in the carcass generally had negative, unfavorable genetic correlations, although improvement in lean yield and marbling score may not be strongly antagonistic. Genetic correlations of direct and maternal components of growth traits with carcass traits suggested that selection for increased growth rate would not be antagonistic to improvement in carcass yield or meat quality. Key words: Carcass, Charolais, correlation, genetic parameters, growth

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Correlations of Primal Cut Yields with Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deukmin Lee ◽  
Kihoon Chung ◽  
Mi Na Park ◽  
Hossein Mehrban
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

This study was carried out to estimate the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations between the carcass traits and primal cut yields in Hanwoo cattle. Carcass traits comprising 5622 records included back fat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). The 10 primal cut yields from 3467 Hanwoo steers included the tenderloin (TLN), sirloin (SLN), striploin (STLN), chuck (CHK), brisket (BSK), top round (TRD), bottom round (BRD), rib (RB), shank (SK), and flank (FK). In addition, three composite traits were formed by combining primal cut yields as novel traits according to consumer preferences and market price: high-value cuts (HVC), medium-value cuts (MVC), and low-value cuts (LVC). Heritability estimates for the interest of traits were moderate to high, ranging from 0.21 ± 0.04 for CHK to 0.59 ± 0.05 for MS. Except genetic correlations between RB and other primal cut traits, favorable and moderate to high correlations were observed among the yields of primal cut that ranged from 0.38 ± 0.14 (CHK and FK) to 0.93 ± 0.01 (TRD and BRD). Moreover, the estimated genetic correlations of CW and EMA with primal cut yields and three composite traits were positive and moderate to strong, except for BFT, which was negative. These results indicate that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits, and selection to increase the yields of primal cuts can lead to considerable profitability in the Hanwoo beef industry.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters by Single-Trait and Multi-Trait Models for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Bryan Irvine Lopez ◽  
Sara de las Heras-Saldana ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Dong-Hyun Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle ◽  
Genomic Model

Hanwoo breed is preferred in South Korea because of the high standards in marbling and the palatability of its meat. Numerous studies have been conducted and are ongoing to increase the meat production and quality in this beef population. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare genetic parameters for carcass traits using BLUPF90 software. Four models were constructed, single trait pedigree model (STPM), single-trait genomic model (STGM), multi-trait pedigree model (MTPM), and multi-trait genomic model (MTGM), using the pedigree, phenotype, and genomic information of 7991 Hanwoo cattle. Four carcass traits were evaluated: Back fat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). Heritability estimates of 0.40 and 0.41 for BFT, 0.33 and 0.34 for CWT, 0.36 and 0.37 for EMA, and 0.35 and 0.38 for MS were obtained for the single-trait pedigree model and the multi-trait pedigree model, respectively, in Hanwoo. Further, the genomic model showed more improved results compared to the pedigree model, with heritability of 0.39 (CWT), 0.39 (EMA), and 0.46 (MS), except for 0.39 (BFT), which may be due to random events. Utilization of genomic information in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has allowed more capturing of the variance from the traits improving the variance components.

Heritability of muscle score and genetic and phenotypic relationships with weight, fatness and eye muscle area in beef cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
L. M. Cafe ◽  
W. A. McKiernan
Keyword(s):  
Major Gene ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Increasing Demand

To assess the potential for genetic improvement to help meet the increasing demand for high-yielding beef carcasses, the heritability of muscle score (MS) plus genetic and phenotypic correlations with weight and fatness traits were estimated on 1856 yearlings and 2596 weaners born from 1992 to 2012 in a predominantly Angus herd divergently selected for High/Low MS. In 2005, after noting that some cattle were positive for the 821_del11 myostatin mutation that causes muscle hypertrophy, procedures were modified to create a third group (HighHet) of High animals with one copy of this major gene. This allowed the additive genetic effects of MS to be assessed, and also the effect of the 821_del11 mutation. MS traits were found to be highly heritable (h2 = 56–63%), with an extremely high estimated genetic correlation of 99% between weaning and yearling MS. Estimated genetic correlations of MS with rib eye muscle area (EMA) in weaners and yearlings adjusted for either age or weight were 53–56%. Genetic correlations of MS with other traits were relatively low: liveweight (yearlings 5%, weaners 20%), rump fat (yearlings –7%, weaners 11%), rib fat (yearlings –17%, weaners –3%). Apart from weaning liveweight, the estimated genetic correlations were not significantly different from zero. MS had smaller estimated genetic correlations with fatness and weight traits than EMA adjusted for age. For yearlings and weaners born from 2010 to 2012, large significant differences were evident in MS of High and Low calves (4.5-point difference for yearlings; 3.4 points for weaners, on a 15-point scale) and significant differences in EMA (yearlings 2.5, weaners 1.5 cm2). In addition, the 821_del11 mutation reduced fatness, increased MS by 1.5–1.9 points and increased EMA by 2.8–3.6 cm2. With high heritability, low correlations with weight and fatness in weaners/yearlings, plus other research (Cafe et al. 2012, 2014a) showing no detrimental effect on maternal productivity or meat quality, but improvements in dressing percent, retail meat yield, meat : bone ratio and feedlot feed efficiency, the development of an estimated breeding value for MS could help improve the efficiency and profitability of beef production.

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