The heat balance of sheep standing in the sun

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHB Priestley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Convective Heat Loss ◽  
Radiation Exchange ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

An extension is made of Lee's (1950) original discussion of the heat balance of sheep exposed to a tropical sun. Methods are given for calculating the two quantities, convective heat loss and long-wave radiation exchange, which automatically compensate to a large extent for the added heat load. There appear to be advantages in distinguishing between the heat balance of the fleece and that of the body of the sheep, and this provides a method of estimating the heat conducted to the body as a consequence of the insolation.

scholarly journals Some Observations on the Climate of Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, During the Rainy Season

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Turbulent Exchange ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

AbstractMeteorological observations were made on Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, during the “long rains” in April 1960. General meteorological observations indicated rather similar conditions to those found in other months. Ablation occurred on each day but amounts were generally small. Rather more accumulation occurred than is expected during the dry season, but again amounts were small. The net accumulation over a to day period was only 0.38 cm. water-equivalent, although about 30 cm. new snow (about 10 cm. water-equivalent) was lying when the expedition arrived. Detailed observations of short-wave radiation, temperature, wind and humidity with estimates of long-wave radiation were used to calculate the heat balance at the surface of the upper ablation region. Agreement between calculated and measured ablation was reasonably good. Over the periods considered, radiation accounted for 89.5 per cent of ablation, turbulent exchange from the air for 8.0 per cent and evaporation for 2.5 per cent. Subsurface melting was taken into account and the formation of ice bands in terms of such melting is discussed.

scholarly journals Some Observations on the Climate of Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, During the Rainy Season

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Turbulent Exchange ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Heat Balance ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

AbstractMeteorological observations were made on Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya, during the “long rains” in April 1960. General meteorological observations indicated rather similar conditions to those found in other months. Ablation occurred on each day but amounts were generally small. Rather more accumulation occurred than is expected during the dry season, but again amounts were small. The net accumulation over a to day period was only 0.38 cm. water-equivalent, although about 30 cm. new snow (about 10 cm. water-equivalent) was lying when the expedition arrived. Detailed observations of short-wave radiation, temperature, wind and humidity with estimates of long-wave radiation were used to calculate the heat balance at the surface of the upper ablation region. Agreement between calculated and measured ablation was reasonably good. Over the periods considered, radiation accounted for 89.5 per cent of ablation, turbulent exchange from the air for 8.0 per cent and evaporation for 2.5 per cent. Subsurface melting was taken into account and the formation of ice bands in terms of such melting is discussed.

scholarly journals Sea Surface Temperatures

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
FK Ball
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exchange ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

The surface of the sea is losing heat by evaporation and by long-wave radiation exchange with the sky, both of these rates being of the order of 10-2 W cm-2 in clear weather. Heat lost in this way must be provided by conduction upward from the water beneath and downward from the air above. Short-wave radiation need not be considered since it is not absorbed at the surface. It seems possible therefore that on days of light wind the "skin" temperature of the sea might be appreciably less than the temperature of the layers beneath. Now sea surface temperatures are usually measured by means of a dip bucket and it is clear that water entering the bucket is derived in varying amounts from various depths below the surface, so that the temperature of the 'mixture will not generally be equal to the skin temperature of the sea. In view of these considerations an experiment was carried out with the object of determining the skin temperature by measuring the long-wave radiation emitted from the sea and comparing it with the dip bucket temperature.

Comprehensive Room Transfer Functions for Efficient Calculation of the Transient Heat Transfer Processes in Buildings

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Seem ◽  
S. A. Klein ◽  
W. A. Beckman ◽  
J. W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Bilinear Transformation ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Radiation Exchange ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Efficient Calculation ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

This paper describes a method in which the transfer functions describing heat flows in building elements can be combined into a single transfer function for an enclosure, referred to as a comprehensive room transfer function (CRTF). The method accurately models long-wave radiation exchange and convection in an enclosure through an approximate network, referred to as the “star” network. Resistances in the star network are determined from a network that uses view factors to model long-wave radiation exchange. The Pade´ approximation and bilinear transformation are used to reduce the number of coefficients in a CRTF.

scholarly journals Long-wave radiation exchange near the ground

Solar Energy ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Elliott ◽  
Major Donald W. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exchange ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

scholarly journals The Influence of Cloudiness on The Net Radiation Balance of A Snow Surface with High Albedo

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (67) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ambach
Keyword(s):  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Energy Excess ◽  
Overcast Sky ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

The short-wave and long-wave radiant fluxes measured in the accumulation area of the Greenland ice sheet during a mid-summer period are discussed with respect to their dependence on cloudiness. At a cloudiness of 10/10, a mean value of 270 J/cm2 d is obtained for the daily totals of net radiation balance, whereas a mean value of only 75 J/cm2 d is observed at 0/10. The energy excess of the net radiation balance with overcast sky is due to the significant influence of the incoming long-wave radiation and the high albedo of the surface (average of 84%). High values of net radiation balance are therefore correlated with high values of long-wave radiation balance and low values of short-wave radiation balance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document