Phosphorus seed coatings for pasture species. II. Comparison of effectiveness of phosphorus applied as seed coatings, drilled or broadcast, in promoting early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scott ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
P Sources

The relative efficiency of phosphorus (P) seed coatings and drilled and broadcast applications of P was investigated in a glasshouse experiment conducted with phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in P-deficient soil. Two P sources (monocalcium phosphate [MCP] and dicalcium phosphate [DCP]) were used at three rates in seed coatings (0, 5 and 10 kg P ha-1) or at six rates each of drilled or broadcast applications (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P ha-1). MCP coatings severely reduced lucerne emergence and hence yield, but had little effect on phalaris emergence. No other fertilizer treatment affected emergence. The height of phalaris plants at 27 days after sowing (d.a.s.) was increased as much by seed coatings containing MCP at 5 kg P ha-1 as by drill or broadcast applications of MCP at 20 kg P ha-1. Plant height of the MCP seed coating treatments was also less variable than the other application methods, suggesting that the coatings provided more uniform access to P. Seed coatings containing DCP at 10 kg P ha-1 increased phalaris plant height more than did drilled or broadcast applications at 40 kg P ha-1, but there was no effect of any DCP treatment on lucerne growth at 27 d.a.s. The relatively large differences observed in plant height between different application methods at 27 d.a.s. diminished over time until, at 57 d.a.s., only small differences were evident. The dry matter yield and P content of both species were increased by increasing rates of MCP, but DCP had little effect at any rate. The reduced differences between the seed coating treatments and the other application methods at harvest may have been due to the limited soil volume of the pots used; further work is necessary in larger soil volumes to determine the significance of the early growth advantage conferred on phalaris by the phosphorus seed coatings, and to find ways of protecting lucerne from soluble P sources during germination.

Phosphorus seed coatings for pasture species. I. Effect of source and rate of phosphorus on emergence and early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scott ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
P Content ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
P Sources

Seed coatings containing phosphorus (P) can be an effective way of promoting early seedling growth in P-deficient soil, but there is insufficient information available on the P sources and rates which are both safe to germinating seeds and effective in supplying P. A growth chamber experiment was undertaken to study the effect on the emergence and early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) of seed coatings containing one of three P sources (mono-[MCP], di-[DCP], or tricalcium phosphate [TCP]) at three rates (0.625, 1.25 or 2.5 mg P seed-1). The emergence of lucerne was markedly delayed (as measured by fitted Mitscherlich functions) by increasing rates of MCP, whilst that of phalaris was only slightly delayed. DCP and TCP had only slight effects on the emergence of both species. Leaf number (at 27 days after sowing [d.a.s.]), dry matter yield and P content of shoots of both species (at 35 d.a.s.) were increased by all P sources. With phalaris, MCP was approximately four times as effective per unit of P as DCP, which in turn was approximately four times as effective as TCP, whereas, with lucerne, MCP was twice as effective as DCP, which in turn was twice as effective as TCP. The results show that whilst emergence was most affected by soluble P sources at high rates, these same sources were most effective in promoting early P uptake per unit of P applied.

Combining Ability of Coumestrol Content and its Association with Uterotropic Activity, Yield, and Plant Height in Medicago sativa L. 1

Crop Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Stuthman ◽  
I. S. Chorush ◽  
W. E. Nyquist ◽  
R. L. Davis ◽  
Martin Stob
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Activity Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Quantitative trait locus mapping of yield and plant height in autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Ruicai Long ◽  
Tiejun Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Locus Mapping

Nitrogen fixation by subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) growing in pure culture and in mixtures with varying densities of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) or phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Dear ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
A. D. Swan ◽  
A. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The proportions of biologically fixed (Pfix) plant nitrogen (N) and the total amounts of N2 fixed by subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) growing in pure culture and in mixtures with different densities (5, 10, 20, or 40plants/m2) of newly sown phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) or lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were followed over 3 years in a field study using the 15N natural abundance technique. The amount of fixed N in subterranean clover was linearly related to shoot biomass. Over the 3-year period, subterranean clover fixed 23–34 kg N/t shoot biomass compared with 17–29 kg N/t shoot biomass in lucerne. Based on above-ground biomass, pure subterranean clover fixed 314 kg N/ha over the 3 years compared with 420–510 kg N/ha by lucerne–clover mixtures and 143–177 kg N/ha by phalaris–clover mixtures. The superior N2 fixation by the lucerneŒsubterranean clover mixtures was due to the N fixed by the lucerne and the presence of a higher subterranean clover biomass relative to that occurring in the adjacent phalaris plots. In the first year, 92% of subterranean clover shoot N was derived from fixation compared with only 59% of lucerne. The reliance of clover upon fixed N2 remained high (73–95%) throughout the 3 years in all swards, except in pure subterranean clover and lucerne in August 1996 (56 and 64%, respectively). Subterranean clover usually fixed a higher proportion of its N when grown in mixtures with phalaris than with lucerne. The calculated Pfix values for lucerne (47–61% in 1995 and 39–52% in 1996) were consistently lower than in subterranean clover and tended to increase with lucerne density. Although lucerne derived a lower proportion of its N from fixation than subterranean clover, its tissue N concentration was consistently higher, indicating it was effective at scavenging soil mineral N. It was concluded that including lucerne in wheat-belt pastures will increase inputs of fixed N. Although lucerne decreased subterranean clover biomass, it maintained or raised Pfix values compared with pure subterranean clover swards. The presence of phalaris maintained a high dependence on N2 fixation by subterranean clover, but overall these swards fixed less N due to the lower clover herbage yields. Perennial and annual legumes appear compatible if sown in a mix and can contribute more N2 to the system than where the annual is sown alone or with a perennial grass. These findings suggest that increases in the amount of N2 fixed can be achieved through different legume combinations without interfering greatly with the N fixation process. Different combinations may also result in more efficient use of fixed N2 through reduced leaching. Further work looking at combinations of annuals possibly with different maturity times, different annual and perennial legume combinations, and pure combinations of perennial (e.g. lucerne) could be investigated with the aim of maximising N2 fixation and use. Grazing management to encourage clover production in mixtures with phalaris will be necessary before the potential of subterranean clover to contribute fixed N2 in these swards is fully realised.

Evaluation of Rhizobium inoculant formulations for alfalfa yield and N fixation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Diane Knight
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Because of its small seed size, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) typically is seeded at a shallow depth, putting Rhizobium inoculated onto the seed coat at a high risk of desiccation. Granular inoculants may provide a superior delivery formulation for Rhizobium because the inoculant can be placed deeper in the soil than the seed, where it is protected from desiccation. Sinorhizobium meliloti cv. Beaver delivered as (1) pre-inoculated alfalfa seed from the inoculant manufacturer, (2) commercial peat-based, self-sticking inoculant applied on-site, and (3) granular inoculant placed with the seed or (4) banded below and to the side of the seed was evaluated against uninoculated alfalfa controls at three field sites in Saskatchewan. Overall, alfalfa inoculated with the granular formulation placed below and to the side of the alfalfa seed was among the highest biomass producer in the establishment year, although it did not exhibit superior nodulation or biological N fixation compared with the other treatments. Any advantage conferred by the granular inoculant in the establishment year did not persist through the first and second production years. Under the conditions of this study, the delivery formulation had no long-term affect on alfalfa productivity, nodulation and biological N fixation. Furthermore, none of the inoculant treatments were consistently superior to the uninoculated controls. Key words: Alfalfa, granular inoculant, peat inoculant, pre-inoculated seed, Medicago sativa L., Sinorhizobium meliloti

EFFECT OF GENERATION AND LOCATION OF SEED PRODUCTION ON GROWTH HABIT AND ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN ARC ALFALFA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
J. H. ELGIN Jr. ◽  
C. M. RINCKER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Fall Growth

Thirty-one seedlots of Arc alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), produced between 1971 and 1974 at Prosser, Wash.; Stanfield, Oreg.; and Shafter and Tehachapi, Calif., were evaluated for shifts in field growth habits (regrowth after cutting, winter injury, and date of flowering) and greenhouse anthracnose resistance. Seedlots represented one (Syn 2), two (Syn 3), and three (Syn 4) generations of increase beyond the original Syn 1 lot, grown under four diverse environments. Results indicated a tendency for shift in regrowth rate among the Syn 3 and Syn 4 generation seedlots produced at Shafter, Calif. No shift in regrowth rate was observed for the other locations and no significant trends away from the original lot were observed for winter injury, date of flowering or anthracnose resistance.Key words: Medicago sativa L., seed production, genetic shifts, anthracnose resistance, fall growth, regrowth

Factors affecting the early growth of Leucaena leucocephala

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J Brandon ◽  
H.M Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Major Factors

Summary. Slow establishment has been identified as a major limitation to the more widespread adoption of the fodder tree Leucaena leucocephala in Queensland. Field experiments were conducted at Mt Cotton, Gayndah and Theodore in south-east Queensland during the 1987–88 summer to identify the major factors limiting first year yield of leucaena. Treatments at each site included irrigation (applied at sowing only, or at intervals throughout the trial), and rates of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and lime. Attack by psyllid insects, weed competition and defoliation by wildlife were noted and minimised where possible. Soil moisture appeared to be the major limitation to plant growth at the inland sites of Theodore and Gayndah where post-establishment irrigation increased final dry weight by 250%. Waterlogging reduced plant height increase at the low lying Mt Cotton site following higher than normal rainfall. Increase in plant height at the other sites stopped when night temperatures fell below 15°C. Application of P at 75–1200 kg/ha tripled final dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton (5 mg/kg bicarbonate-extractable P) but had no effect at Theodore (10 mg P/kg) or Gayndah (35 mg P/kg). Larger than normal responses to P during early growth may be due to slow colonisation of the roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Application of N (200 kg N/ha) increased dry weight of Rhizobium-inoculated leucaena by 27% at Theodore but had little or no effect at the other sites. Application of lime had no significant effects on plant height or dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton despite the soil being slightly acidic (pH 5.9 in 1 : 5 H2 O suspension). Further work on the role of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in determining uptake of P by leucaena is warranted in view of the large response to very high rates of P in young seedlings at Mt Cotton.

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: impact of Eragrostis curvula, Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures on soil water

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
P. S. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil water under 5 rotationally grazed pastures [Eragrostis curvula cvv. 4650, 4660 and Consol; Medicago sativa cv. Aurora and Phalaris aquatica (a 50/50 mixture of cvv. Uneta and Sirolan)] at depths of 15, 30, 60 and 120 cm at Wagga Wagga in southern NSW, Australia from 18 December 1993 to 23 November 1998. At 120 cm depth, soil matric potential (ψ) varied from approximately –14 kPa in winter and spring, to less than –1500 kPa in autumn. During 2 droughts the soil remained drier than its water holding capacity limit, but when rainfall was average or above average, there was no evidence that deficits were maintained through winter. The nature of the rainfall (rainfall/day and numbers of consecutive wet days), which varies through the seasons, impacted markedly on ψ, with considerable short-term variation observed in response to isolated heavy rainfall events in summer and autumn. Medicago sativa cv. Aurora generated lower ψ than E. curvula in mid- to late-spring; whereas except for 4650, which was not persistent at the site, E. curvula reduced ψ in early to mid-summer, and to generally more negative extremes than by M. sativa. There was no indication that the roots of P. aquatica did not extend to the same depths as the other pastures, but it seemed unable to dry the soil to the same extent. Summer-active weeds, which were prominent in the P. aquatica pasture in years of above average rainfall, reduced the deficit difference between it and the other pastures. Gypsum block ψ was converted to volumetric soil water content (θv) using soil water retention curves and estimates of soil bulk density (ρb). Relative to P. aquatica, E. curvua Consol and M. sativa maintained a deficit of between 25 and 75 mm for most non-winter periods. There was no evidence that the deficit created by either pasture was consistently greater than the other. There was considerable dynamism within the datasets for all the pastures, which was ascribed to the frequent occurrence of non-matrix flow, mainly in response to heavy rainfall events (>25 mm in <5 days) that occurred when the soil was dry in summer and autumn. In the long-term it was estimated that such events could be associated with up to 25% of the rainfall.

scholarly journals Change of cultivation parameters of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) on different nutrient systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
László Zsombik ◽  
Zsuzsa Erdős
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Shoot Number

The experiments were conducted at the Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Research Institutes and Study Farm, Centre for Agricultural Sciences, University of Debrecen. We have studied the shoot number, plant height and fold thickness os asparagus for 3 years. We have set a fertilization experiment on 1500 m2 of plantations in 2013. We applied fertilizer, manure and sheet manure compost. The set yield we achieved by using fertilizer treatment. The Vitalim produced the largest crop, then the Cumulus and the lowest yield Grolim. We was produced by highest green mass was observed in Vitalim and Cumulus hybrids in each year. The Grolim hybrid produced the smallest shoot and plant height but the fold thickness was longer in the other two hybrids. Overall, the Vitalim hybrid has the best production parameters and each season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document