Evaluation of Kraft pulp yield and syringyl/guaiacyl ratio from standing trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, Leucaena leucocephala and Casuarina junghuhniana) using portable near infrared spectroscopy

Measurement of pulpwood traits from a standing tree has considerable advantage when screening large populations for tree selection. It reduces time and also eliminates requirements of transport, powdering, and storing the sample. This study describes estimation of Kraft pulp yield (KPY) in Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, and Casuarina junghuhniana by portable NIR spectroscopy of standing trees. Calibration models were developed for KPY estimation using portable NIR spectroscopy for the four species, along with a calibration model for syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in E. camaldulensis. The calibration models for KPY showed R2 values ranging from 0.93 ( E. camaldulensis) to 0.83 ( L. leucocephala), and 0.95 for S/G ratio. The developed calibration models for E. camaldulensis and L. leucocephala were compared with laboratory NIR models, and a variation of <±2.0% was found between both methods. The models were validated by both external and cross validation which showed <2.0% RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and <2.0% RMECV (root mean square error of cross validation) in external and cross validations, respectively.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING GEL OF WHITE LEADTREE (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT.) LEAVES EXTRACT

Objective: The aim of this research is to formulate and evaluate the wound healing gel of Leucaena leucocephala leaves extract. Methods: In this research, the extract of Leucaena leaves was formulated into wound healing gel by using a variation of the concentration of Carbopol as a gelling agent and Propylene glycol as a humectant. Afterward, the gel's physical properties (pH, viscosity, spreadability), stability, and sterility were tested. The wound healing activity was evaluated by making excision wounds on the Wistar Albino rat's back, and then the gels were applied to the wound every day. The wound's size was measured and counted as the percentage of wound closure. Results: The result showed that Formula 4 (contains 1.5% of Carbopol and 12% of Propylene glycol) has the best physical characteristics and wound healing activity. Formula 4 showed 100% wound closure on the 11th day of the treatment, while the negative control only reached 49.12%. The statistical parameter with the p-value<0.05 stated that they are significantly different. Conclusion: This research demonstrated that gel with Leucaena leaf extract has good physical characteristics, and it can significantly improve the wound healing process.

Seleksi Mutan Tanaman Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) Tahan Kutu Loncat terhadap Lingkungan Kering pada Rumah Kaca

Forage is the main source of feed for ruminants. Forage consists of two types, namely grass and legumes. Leguminosa is a type of forage as a source of protein. One type of legume that is well known by breeders in Indonesia is lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba). This study was aimed to produce candidate mutants of lamtoro drought resistant to acid stress conditions. The experiment in this study used an unbalanced completely randomized design with 6 treatments of 740 different replications based on different sources of lamtoro plant mutants at different levels (P0: 0 n= 89, P1: 100 gy n= 82, P2: 200 gy n= 153, P3:300 gy n=120, P4: 400 gy n= 244, P5: 500 gy n= 52). Variables observed included plant height, number of stalks, leaf loss and stem diameter. The results showed that lamtoro plants irradiated with gamma rays at a level of 200 gy-500 gy were significantly higher than 100 gy irradiation at 10 and 12 days watering, but the diameter of the plants was larger at 100 gy irradiation. It can be watering intervals of 10 days and 12 days on the parameters of height and stem diameter showed that gamma rays irradiation of 400 gy resulted in dry-resistant lamtoro mutant candidates under acid stress condition. Key words: gamma rays, lamtoro mutant, watering interval

Aklimatisasi dan Respon Pertumbuhan Mutan Leucaena Leucocephala Varietas Tarramba Teradaptasi Asam

Acclimatization is the final stage of plant propagation in tissue culture techniques that can determine the success of the nursery process. This study aimed to observe the growth response during the acclimatization stage of the acid-adapted of Leucaena leucocephala Tarramba variety, which developed from tissue culture techniques. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with the cultivation of 11 mutant lines from tissue culture, namely M1-M11 (an acid-adapted mutant from tissue culture addition of 1 ppm IBA) and 2 controls (lamtoro broodstock without gamma irradiation) namely K0 (lamtoro broodstock resulting from tissue culture addition of 0 ppm IBA), K1 (breeding lamtoro from tissue culture addition of 1 ppm IBA). The variables observed were the level of plant viability, plant height, and number of leaves. The results showed that the acclimatization of the plant Leucaena leucocephala to tissue culture production on the M3 and M9 mutant lines gave the best response to plant morphological growth up to 5 WAP (weeks after planting). Key words: acclimatization, IBA hormone, Leucaena leucocephala, tissue culture

Potencial forrajero de guaje (Leucaena leucocephala) a diferentes densidades de plantas y edades de rebrote

Debido a los costos elevados de alimentos concentrados, es necesario promover la utilización de fuentes alimenticias que sean económicas y de alto valor nutritivo, que ayuden a maximizar la producción animal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo de diferentes densidades de Leucaena leucocephala(guaje) en clima trópico seco. El estudio se realizó en la época de lluvia que abarca de junio a octubre de 2017 en las parcelas experimentales de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria No. 2 de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, ubicada en Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, México. La leucaenase trasplanto a una distancia de 10 cm entre plantas y entre surcos de 1.5, 2 y 3 m, comprendiendo las densidades de 67, 50 y 33 mil plantas ha-1, respectivamente. 30 días antes del inicio de la investigación se realizó una poda de homogenización a una altura de 1 m y posteriormente se realizaron seis estadios de corte cada 15 días (30, 45, 60, 75, 90 y 105 días). El mayor rendimiento de materia seca se obtuvo en el intervalo de 105 días con 7,627 kg MS ha-1y una densidad de 50,000 plantas ha-1 (p ≤ 0.05). La mejor densidad de siembra de Leucaenaes cuando tiene 50,000 plantas ha-1, ya que es la que tiene las mejores características estructurales y a una frecuencia de 90 días ya que es cuando alcanza el 95 % de radiación interceptada.

Caracterização vegetacional do Monumento Natural Vale dos Dinossauros em Sousa, Paraíba, Brasil

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a vegetação arbórea da mata ciliar do trecho do Rio do Peixe, inserido no Monumento Natural do Vale dos Dinossauros (MONA), em Sousa-PB. Foram mensuradas árvores em 20 unidades amostrais quadradas de 400 m², dispostas às margens do Rio do Peixe, de maneira equidistante. Foram mensuradas, com fita métrica, a Circunferência do fuste a 1,30 m do solo e a 0,3 m do solo dos indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência a altura do peito (1,3 m) maior ou igual a 6 cm, além da altura total dos indivíduos, com o auxílio de vara graduada. Avaliou-se a diversidade, equabilidade, florística e as estruturas horizontal e vertical, além da distribuição diamétrica. Foram identificados 919 indivíduos, 16 famílias botânicas, 32 gêneros e 35 espécies. As famílias botânicas mais representativas em número de indivíduos foram a Fabaceae Linl. a Combretaceae R. Br., sendo a Fabaceae a mais representativa em número de espécies. A área apresenta boa diversidade florística, com boa distribuição dos indivíduos nas espécies. A espécie com maior importância e abundância na área foi o Combretum leprosum Mart. (mofumbo), com 32% dos indivíduos amostrados, e 16,69% do valor de importância. As espécies Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis., Senegalia bahiensis (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis e Pseudobombax marginatum (A.St.-Hil., Juss. & Cambess.) A. Robyns, foram menos abundantes com um indivíduo cada, em toda a amostra. A distribuição diamétrica apresentou comportamento característico de populações naturais, em J-invertido. Há forte presença de espécies exóticas na área, porém, na amostra, constatou-se a presença de Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer. e Malpighia glabra L., espécies que naturalmente não deveriam existir em unidade de conservação.