Sweet corn responses to basal and top-dressed rates and sources of nitrogenous fertilizers

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Salardini ◽  
LA Sparrow ◽  
RJ Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa cv. Jubilee) was grown on a fine loamy clay krasnozem soil with banded nitrogen fertilizer at rates up to 200 kg N ha-1 from (NH4)2SO4 and 50 kg N ha-1 from each of NH4NO3 and urea. Some treatments were top-dressed with one or two applications of 50 kg N ha-1. The highest yield of both cobs (23.1 t ha-1) and fresh shoots (93.8 t ha-1) and the highest concentration of N in cobs and shoot dry matter was attained with 100 kg basal N ha-1 and two subsequent topdressings of 50 kg N ha-1 each, applied as (NH4)2SO4. From banded dressing alone, 150 kg N ha-1 produced the highest cob yield and the highest accumulation of N in cobs and shoot dry matter. Top-dressed N increased the yield of cobs and the yield and N concentration in shoots, but did not influence the N concentration in cobs. As N rates were increased, there was an increase in the weight of primary cobs, the weight and number of secondary cobs and more significantly, in the number of tertiary cobs. The source of N did not have any effect on the yield or most yield related components except yield and number of tertiary cobs, which were higher in the ammonium sulfate treatments. The contribution of nitrogen uptake efficiency NUPE and nitrogen ultilization efficiency NUTE to variations in nitrogen use efficiency NUSE was calculated and discussed.

scholarly journals Relationship of Nitrogen Use Efficiency with the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation of Finger Millet Genotypes Grown under Different Nitrogen Inputs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Atul K. Gupta ◽  
Vikram S. Gaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Nitrogen responsiveness of three-finger millet genotypes (differing in their seed coat colour) PRM-1 (brown), PRM-701 (golden), and PRM-801 (white) grown under different nitrogen doses was determined by analyzing the growth, yield parameters and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase; GOGAT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) at different developmental stages. High nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed in PRM-1 genotype, whereas high nitrogen uptake efficiency was observed in PRM-801 genotype. At grain filling nitrogen uptake efficiency in PRM-1 negatively correlated with NR, GS, GOGAT activities whereas it was positively correlated in PRM-701 and PRM-801, however, GDH showed a negative correlation. Growth and yield parameters indicated that PRM-1 responds well at high nitrogen conditions while PRM-701 and PRM-801 respond well at normal and low nitrogen conditions respectively. The study indicates that PRM-1 is high nitrogen responsive and has high nitrogen use efficiency, whereas golden PRM-701 and white PRM-801 are low nitrogen responsive genotypes and have low nitrogen use efficiency. However, the crude grain protein content was higher in PRM-801 genotype followed by PRM-701 and PRM-1, indicating negative correlation of nitrogen use efficiency with source to sink relationship in terms of seed protein content.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Assimilation in the Highly Salt- and Boron-Tolerant Ecotype Zea mays L. Amylacea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal ◽  
Elizabeth Irica Bastías ◽  
Carmen González-Murua ◽  
Mª Begoña González-Moro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nr Activity

The Lluta Valley in Northern Chile is an important agricultural area affected by both salinity and boron (B) toxicity. Zea mays L. amylacea, an ecotype arisen because of the seed selection practiced in this valley, shows a high tolerance to salt and B levels. In the present study the interaction between B and salt was studied after 20 days of treatment at low (100 mM) and high salinity (430 mM NaCl), assessing changes in nitrogen metabolites and in the activity of key nitrogen-assimilating enzymes. Under non-saline conditions, the presence of excessive B favored higher nitrate and ammonium mobilization to leaves, increasing nitrate reductase (NR) activity but not glutamine synthetase (GS). Thus, the increment of nitrogen use efficiency by B application would contribute partially to maintain the biomass production in this ecotype. Positive relationships between NR activity, nitrate, and stomatal conductance were observed in leaves. The increment of major amino acids alanine and serine would indicate a photoprotective role of photorespiration under low-salinity conditions, thus the inhibition of nitrogen assimilation pathway (NR and GS activities) occurred only at high salinity. The role of cytosolic GS regarding the proline accumulation is discussed.

Optimising Fertilisation Strategy for Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Simon Duncan ◽  
Dave Chadwick ◽  
David Jone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Sufficient nitrogen fertilisation is essential for obtaining the crop yields required to feed the growing population. Moreover, nitrogen applied to fields is often lost to a number of processes including denitrification, surface run-off and leaching. These processes can damage the local ecology and contaminate water supplies. Additionally, nitrogen lost as ammonia gas and the large energy input required to synthesize ammonia are both large contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing fertilisation strategies to optimise the proportion of nitrogen taken up by crops (nitrogen use efficiency) can reduce the production of ammonia and the pollution of water supplies.</p><p>We developed a mathematical model that describes the movement of water and multiple nitrogen species in soil at the field scale over a growing season. The model was then used to assess the nitrogen use efficiency of varying fertilisation strategies. We consider the effects of a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes including: root growth, root uptake, the transformation of nitrogen between different nitrogen species, and the effect of soil water movement on nitrogen transport. The resulting model is comprised of a coupled system of partial and ordinary differential equations that describe the mathematical interplay between nitrogen transport, water movement, and root uptake, which were solved numerically using a finite element approach. Numerical experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen uptake efficiency was affected by different fertilisation strategies. We examine numerous cases by varying the quantity of fertiliser applied to the soil and the fertiliser application times.</p><p>The numerical experiments suggest that, under uniform rainfall rates, the optimal fertilisation times (within the bounds of typical times found in agriculture) can result in 25% more nitrogen uptake than the worst strategies. However, there were large time periods, 28 days for the first application and 10 days for the second, which resulted in close-to-optimal nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study, in addition to crop health and past and predicted rainfall, could be taken into consideration by farmers while choosing fertilisation times to optimise nitrogen uptake efficiency.</p>

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