scholarly journals Studies in the Natural Coating of Apples II. Changes in the Fractions During Storage

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
FE Huelin ◽  
RA Gallop
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Oil Fraction

The oil fraction of the natural coating of Granny Smith apples increased during storage and reached a maximum at 3-4 times its original concentration. The increase was reduced by "gas" storage (in 5 per cent. CO2, 16 per cent. 2 ), Later pickings had a higher oil content. The iodine number of the oil increased with increasing concentration. Smaller increases occurred in the wax, ursolic acid, and "cutin" fractions after prolonged storage.

FLAVOUR REVERSION IN HYDROGENATED LINSEED OIL: IV. FURTHER PROCESSING STUDIES

1947 ◽  
Vol 25f (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Lips ◽  
H. W. Lemon ◽  
G. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Removal Of Impurities ◽  
Flavour Stability

Flavour reversion could not be detected in samples of hydrogenated linseed oil stored under vacuum in the dark. In samples exposed to the air, reversion occurred without appreciable increase in peroxide oxygen or Kreis values, particularly in products of low iodine number, while accompanying changes in fluorescence were slight and erratic. An observed 'bad area' for susceptibility in the lower iodine number range suggests that iso-linoleic acid (4) is not the only cause of reversion. No improvement in flavour stability was obtained by: low to high temperature hydrogenation (110° to 240 °C. (230° to 464° F.)), removal of impurities from the oil, or the use of a linseed oil fraction from a commercial polymerization process.

SPECIES TRIALS WITH OIL PLANTS. I. CRAMBE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. McGregor ◽  
A. G. Plessers ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Species Trials

Yields of seed of Crambe grown at Ottawa, Ontario, exceeded those of flax in comparative tests. Oil content averaged from 33 to 35 per cent and iodine number from 92.5 to 97.5. The oil is quite high in erucic acid. It has the following fatty acid composition–palmitic 1.7 per cent; stearic 1.0; oleic 16.7; linoleic 7.8; linolenic 6.9; eicosenoic 2.9; behenic 2.7, and erucic 55.7. The seed averaged 24 per cent protein and 15 per cent fibre. The meal contained 1.2 milligrams isothiocyanate and 5.1 milligrams thiooxazolidone per gram of oil-free meal.

EFFECT OF PASMO DISEASE OF FLAX ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF LINSEED OIL

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Effect On Yield

Heavy infections of pasmo significantly reduced the oil content of flaxseed and the iodine number of the oil. The effects of pasmo infection on oil content and iodine number of the oil were similar to those caused by a hot, dry climate. Oil content was affected similarly by pasmo infection and by flax rust infection, but the two diseases had dissimilar effects on iodine number of the oil. Greatest reductions in oil content and iodine number resulted from pasmo inoculations made when the flax plants were flowering. Inoculations made when the seed was ripening had little or no effect on yield and quality of linseed oil.

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON PLANT AND SEED CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW FLAX CULTIVARS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Five flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars, Dufferin, McGregor, Linott, NorLin and NorMan were grown in the field in 1985, 1986 and 1987 at seeding rates of 200, 400, 600 and 800 seeds m−2. Averaged over all cultivars and years, as seeding rate increased from 200 to 800 seeds m−2, maturity was hastened 2.1 d, seed weight decreased 0.16 g 1000−1 seeds, oil content decreased 0.6%, iodine number decreased 1.3 units and volume weight was not markedly changed. Lodging increased and basal branching decreased from 1.68 to 0.18 branches per plant as seeding rate increased. Plant height increased 0.6 cm from the 200 to the 400 seeds m−2 rate then decreased 1.8 cm from the 400 to the 800 seeds m−2 rate. Seed yield increased from 110 to 124 g m−2 as seeding rate increased from 200 to 600 seeds m−2, then decreased to 121 g m−2 at 800 seeds m−2. Although yields of the five cultivars varied somewhat in their response to seeding rate and year, most yielded near optimum at the 600 seeds m−2 seeding rate.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., seeding rate, lodging

scholarly journals Studies in the Natural Coating of Apples I. Preparation and Properties of Fractions

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
FE Huelin ◽  
RA Gallop
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Esters ◽  
Oil Fraction

The preparation and properties of the major fractions of the natural coating of apples are described. These include the oil, wax, ursolic acid, and "cutin" fractions. Particular attention has been given to the oil fraction, which contains unsaturated esters, and the "cutin" fraction, which gives complex hydroxy acids on saponification. The use of ammonium oxalate for separating apple skin is described.'

Effects of skin coatings on the behaviour of apples in storage. IV. Comparisons of skin coatings and gas (controlled atmosphere) storage.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Hall ◽  
SM Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Better Than

The effects on apples of gas (controlled atmosphere) storage and of skin coatings in refrigerated storage have been compared using the varieties Jonathan, Delicious, and Granny Smith. With Jonathan gas storage prolonged storage life more than coatings. Although with Delicious, gas storage was somewhat better than coating, the gain by either method was small. With Granny Smith coatings were generally more successful than gas storage. This was due to better control of superficial scald and senescent scalds. Both gas storage and skin coatings prolonged storage life, primarily by increasing the carbon dioxide tension and decreasing the oxygen tension inside the apple. However, differing effects on the volatile products of metabolism, other than carbon dioxide, caused important differences in the behaviour of the fruit.

Response of Wild Oat (Avena fatua), Flax (Linum usitatissimum), and Rapeseed (Brassica campestrisandB. napus)to Diclofop-methyl

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. Chow ◽  
D. G. Dorrell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Untreated Check

Diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} applied as postemergence treatment at rates of 0.84 to 1.68 kg/ha controlled 65 to 87% of the wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) without injuring flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) or rapeseed (Brassica campestrisL. andB. napusL.) Yields of both crops were significantly increased because wild oat competition was minimized. Wild oat control was further improved when adjuvants were added with the herbicide at a concentration of 0.5% (v/v) to the spray mixture. Oil content, iodine number, and linolenic acid concentration of flax, and oil content of rapeseed were increased with the application of the herbicide, while the protein content of meal from both crops was unaffected. When flax was grown in the greenhouse under weed-free conditions, the 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha rates of the herbicide did not affect seed and oil composition, whereas the 1.68 kg/ha rate decreased protein content, and slightly increased oil content, but had no significant effect on iodine number when compared with the untreated check. The change in seed and oil quality of flax appears to be related to a reduction in weed competition by the herbicide.

INHERITANCE OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF OIL IN FLAX IN RELATION TO OTHER PLANT CHARACTERS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (8) ◽  
pp. 362-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Yellow Seed ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Central Experimental Farm

Data from 21 varieties of flax, grown at the Central Experimental Farm over a five-year period, were analyzed statistically to determine the relation of quantity and quality of oil to seed size, days to maturity, days from flowering to maturity, and height of plant. In addition, hybrids of Cyprus × Ottawa 770B and Buda × Ottawa 770B were studied to determine the genetic basis for the inheritance of quality of oil, flower type, color of seed, color of oil, seed size and height of plant.The refractometric method for determining the quantity and quality of oil was compared with the ether extraction method for oil content and the Wijs method for iodine number and found to be very practical for breeding studies.In the variety test, high oil content was associated with a long period from blossoming to maturity and with large-seeded varieties.In the hybrids, iodine number, seed size, and height of plant are apparently dependent on several genetic factors. No significant association between oil content, iodine number, seed size or height of plant was found among these hybrids. The inheritance of flower and seed type has been explained on the basis of a single factor, the Ottawa 770B type with white, narrow, involute petal and greenish-yellow seed being inherited as a simple recessive or the expression of several very closely linked recessive genes. An association of high iodine number with this factor for yellow seed color was indicated in both hybrids.Although insufficient data were collected to give definite conclusions, evidence indicated that color of oil, as measured by carotinoid pigment content, had a genetic basis. No correlation was indicated between carotene pigment content and the quantity and quality of the oil or color of the seed.

Effect of Sowing Date on Groundnuts in Sudan Gezira

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris M. Nur ◽  
Ali A. E. Gasim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Sudan Gezira

SUMMARYA 4-year investigation of the effects of sowing date on three types of groundnut showed that the earlier the sowing date, the later was kernel initiation and kernel maturity. Early sowing resulted in a high pod yield, oil content and iodine number, but reduced the shelling percentage. The leaf area index ranged from 3·0 to 5·0, the highest value being obtained with early sowing and with non-upright bunch varieties.

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