The TasFACE climate-change impacts experiment: design and performance of combined elevated CO2 and temperature enhancement in a native Tasmanian grassland

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hovenden ◽  
F. Miglietta ◽  
A. Zaldei ◽  
J. K. Vander Schoor ◽  
K. E. Wills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Population Dynamics ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

The potential impacts of climate change on both natural and managed ecosystems are far-reaching and are only beginning to be understood. Here we describe a new experiment that aims to determine the impacts of elevated concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) and elevated temperature on a native Themeda–Austrodanthonia-dominated grassland ecosystem in south-eastern Tasmania. The experimental site contains 60 vascular plant species. The experiment combines the latest developments in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology with the use of infrared (IR) heaters to mimic environmental conditions expected to exist in the year 2050. The CO2 concentration in the FACE treatments is reliably maintained at 550 µmol mol–1 and leaf temperature is elevated by an average of 2.1°C by the IR treatment, with 1-cm soil temperature being elevated by 0.8°C. Measurements being made in the experiment cover plant ecophysiological responses, plant population dynamics and community interactions. Soil processes and ecosystem effects, including nutrient cycling and plant animal interactions, are also being investigated. Collaborations are invited from interested parties.

Dynamic forest vegetation models for predicting impacts of climate change on forests: An Indian perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
◽  
S.P.S. Rawat ◽  
Hukum Singh ◽  
N.H. Ravindranath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Impact Prediction ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Ibis Model ◽  
The Impact

Understanding climate change vulnerability of Indian forests has received wider attention in recent years and a number of assessments with different approaches have emerged over time. These assessments have mostly used climate-sensitive vegetation models to explain the climate change impacts. In these studies, trees constituting a particular forest are often clubbed together into small number of groups having similar functional traits referred as Plant Functional Types (PFTs). Most of the Forest Vegetation Models (FVMs) are still in their developmental stage and there have been attempts at various levels to develop more versatile and precise models. Several developing countries, including India, still lag behind in developing dynamic vegetation models (DVMs), which could be appropriate for the local applications to predict the impact on forests at regional level. This is restrained mainly because of the lack of long-term observations with respect to various interacting biotic, abiotic and climatic (or environmental) variables in a forest ecosystem, like water and nitrogen use efficiency, response to elevated concentration of CO2, nutrient cycling, net primary productivity, etc. The observations on influence of the environmental variables on forest ecosystems are available in discrete form. Existing FVMs integrate observations more appropriately for their place of origin for which they have been developed. Different types of forests in different climatic zones are supposed to respond differently to climatic changes. Hence, it is imperative that models are developed for the specific biogeographic regions in order to predict the influences more accurately. It may not be wise to use existing FVMs in their pristine form for all of the region without considering the regional influences. Various challenges associated with the usage of the generic models of external origin with special reference to Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) model - being widely used and accepted in Indian policy documents- is presented in this paper. We also discuss on the need for developing a regional FVM for climate change impact studies, so that the impact prediction is more precise and reliable.

scholarly journals Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fares ◽  
Haimanote K. Bayabil ◽  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Dirceu Mattos-Jr ◽  
Ripendra Awal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Potential Climate Change

AbstractUnderstanding how potential climate change will affect availability of water resources for citrus production globally is needed. The main goal of this study is to investigate impacts of potential future climate change on citrus irrigation requirements (IRR) in major global citrus producing regions, e.g., Africa, Asia, Australia, Mediterranean, Americas. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model was used to calculate optimum IRR for the baseline period (1986–2005) and two future periods (2055s and 2090s) subject to combination of five and seven temperature and precipitation levels, respectively. Predicted IRR show significant spatio-temporal variations across study regions. Future annual IRR are predicted to globally decrease; however, future monthly IRR showed mixed results. Future evapotranspiration and IRR are projected to decrease by up to 12 and 37%, respectively, in response to increases in CO2 concentration. Future citrus canopy interception and drainage below citrus rootzones are expected to slightly increase. Annual rainfall changes are negatively correlated with changes in IRR. These projections should help the citrus industry better understand potential climate change impacts on citrus IRR and major components of the water budget. Further studies are needed to investigate how these potential changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and IRR will affect citrus yield and its economic impact on the citrus industry.

Ecosystem-based adaptation in marine ecosystems of tropical Oceania in response to climate change.

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Grantham ◽  
E McLeod ◽  
A Brooks ◽  
S D Jupiter ◽  
J Hardcastle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Decadal Variations

Tropical Oceania, including Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia and northern Australia, is one of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Climate change impacts have already occurred in the region and will become one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and people. Climate projections indicate that sea levels will rise in many places but not uniformly. Islands will warm and annual rainfall will increase and exhibit strong decadal variations. Increases in global atmospheric CO2 concentration are causing ocean acidification, compromising the ability of organisms such as corals to maintain their calcium carbonate skeletons. We discuss these climate threats and their implications for the biodiversity of several ecosystems (coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves) in the region. We highlight current adaptation approaches designed to address these threats, including efforts to integrate ecosystem and community-based approaches. Finally, we identify guiding principles for developing effective ecosystem-based adaptation strategies. Despite broad differences in governance and social systems within the region, particularly between Australia and the rest of the Pacific, threats and planning objectives are similar. Ensuring community awareness and participation are essential everywhere. The science underpinning ecosystem-based adaptation strategies is in its infancy but there is great opportunity for communicating approaches and lessons learnt between developing and developed nations in tropical Oceania.

scholarly journals A combined rain shelter and free-air CO2 enrichment system to study climate change impacts on plants in the field

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Erbs ◽  
Remy Manderscheid ◽  
Hans-Joachim Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

scholarly journals Simulation of climate change impacts on grain sorghum production grown under free air CO2 enrichment

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongcheng Fu ◽  
Jonghan Ko ◽  
Gerard W. Wall ◽  
Paul J. Pinter ◽  
Bruce A. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
The University

Abstract Potential impacts of climate change on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) productivity were investigated using the CERES-sorghum model in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer v4.5. The model was first calibrated for a sorghum cultivar grown in a free air CO2 enrichment experiment at the University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, USA in 1998. The model was then validated with an independent dataset collected in 1999. The simulated grain yield, growth, and soil water of sorghum for the both years were in statistical agreement with the corresponding measurements, respectively. Neither simulated nor measured yields responded to elevated CO2, but both were sensitive to water supply. The validated model was then applied to simulate possible effects of climate change on sorghum grain yield and water use efficiency in western North America for the years 2080-2100. The projected CO2 fertilizer effect on grain yield was dominated by the adverse effect of projected temperature increases. Therefore, temperature appears to be a dominant driver of the global climate change influencing future sorghum productivity. These results suggest that an increase in water demand for sorghum production should be anticipated in a future high-CO2 world.

scholarly journals Emergência e Crescimento Inicial de Plântulas de Cebola Sob o Aumento da Temperatura e Concentração de CO2 (Onion Seedlings Emergence and Initial Growth Under Increased Temperature and CO2)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa ◽  
Giselle De Souza Pinheiro ◽  
Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Thaiane Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Carmem Valdenia da Silva Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

As mudanças climáticas, especialmente o aumento da temperatura e da concentração de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera , afetarão o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aumento da temperatura e da concentração de CO2 na emergência de plântulas de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena .O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras de crescimento, com controle de umidade, luminosidade, temperatura e CO2, durante 12 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com quatro cultivares de cebola, quatro temperaturas (25 ºC; 28 ºC; 31 ºC e 34 ºC) e duas concentrações de CO2 (380 e 770 ppm) e , com quatro repetições e 36 sementes por tratamento. Sementes de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena foram semeadas em bandejas de polietileno com 36 células contendo substrato comercial e mantido nas diferentes concentrações de CO2 e temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, velocidade de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e comprimento da raiz principal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações de CO2 e as diferentes temperaturas proporcionaram efeitos significativos entre as cultivares para a maioria das variáveis analisadas. O aumento de CO2 e temperatura influenciaram no processo de emergência de plântulas de cebola. Climate change, especially atmosphere temperature and concentration of greenhouse gases increase, will affect  plant growth and development . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration in emergence of seedlings of onion cultivars Alfa San Francisco, Franciscan IPA 10, Valley IPA 11 Gold and Serena. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers with humidity, light, temperature and CO2 control during 12 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4x2 factorial scheme, with four onion cultivars , four temperatures (25 °C;  28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C and two concentrations of CO2 (380 to 770 ppm), with four replications and 36 seeds per treatment. Seeds of onion cultivars Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 and Serena were sown in plastic trays with 36 cells containing commercial substrate and placed in different CO2 concentrations and temperature. Emergence percentage, average time of emergence, emergence speed, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length was evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The CO2 concentrations and different temperatures produced different effects among cultivars for most of the variables. The increase of CO2 and temperature influence the emergence onion seedlings process. Key-words: climate change, impacts, agriculture   

scholarly journals Mesh Climate Change Data for Evaluating Climate Change Impacts in Japan under Gradually Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki YOKOZAWA ◽  
Shinkichi GOTO ◽  
Yousay HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SEINO
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

scholarly journals Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Verrillo ◽  
Franz-Werner Badeck ◽  
Valeria Terzi ◽  
Fulvia Rizza ◽  
Letizia Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. Bologna) were grown by using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at Fiorenzuola d’Arda under ambient (control) and elevated (570 ppm, e[CO2]) CO2 concentrations for two growing seasons. We addressed whether there would be a response of wheat grains to elevated CO2 concentration in terms of the contents of nitrogen (N), micro- and macronutrients, proteins and free amino acids. Under e[CO2], total wheat biomass and grain yield increased in both years of the study. Grain N percentage was reduced under e[CO2], but grain N yield (kg ha–1) was increased. Among macro- and micronutrients, a decrease in zinc concentration was observed. The proteome pattern was significantly different in grains grown at the two different CO2 levels, but the observed changes were highly dependent on interactions with prevailing environmental conditions. Finally, a negative trend was observed in the early germination rates of seeds from plants grown under e[CO2] compared with the controls. The results suggest that the expected increase in CO2 levels and their interactive effects with environmental variables may influence agronomic performance by increasing yield and negatively affecting quality.

scholarly journals Simulation of CO2 enrichment and climate change impacts on soybean production

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongcheng Fu ◽  
Bokeun Ha ◽  
Jonghan Ko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
Genetic Responses

Abstract The potential doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated changes in temperature and precipitation are crucial issues for agricultural productivity. The CROPGRO-Soybean model in decision support system for agro-technology transfer v4.5 to simulate soybean (Glycine max cv. Pioneer 93B15) grown in an elevated CO2 environment was calibrated and validated. Crop growth and yield data were obtained from a series of experiments conducted in central Illinois at the soybean free air CO2 enrichment facility from 2002 to 2006. The model was applied to simulate the possible impacts of climate change on soybean yield in the region for the future years of 2080-2100, centred on 2090. The model reproduced the measured soybean growth and yield well under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. For the period from 2081 to 2100, soybean yield was projected to decrease due to elevated temperature but to increase due to elevated precipitation and CO2 concentration, achieving counterbalance. The adverse impacts of the warming conditions on soybean yield can be mitigated by late planting within an optimum planting range (day of year 145 to 152) as a management option, as well as by controlling genetic responses to thermal days in the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Climate change and elevational diversity capacity: do weedy species take up the slack?

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20120806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Chown ◽  
Peter C. le Roux ◽  
Tshililo Ramaswiela ◽  
Jesse M. Kalwij ◽  
Justine D. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Elevational Range

Climate change leads to species range shifts and consequently to changes in diversity. For many systems, increases in diversity capacity have been forecast, with spare capacity to be taken up by a pool of weedy species moved around by humans. Few tests of this hypothesis have been undertaken, and in many temperate systems, climate change impacts may be confounded by simultaneous increases in human-related disturbance, which also promote weedy species. Areas to which weedy species are being introduced, but with little human disturbance, are therefore ideal for testing the idea. We make predictions about how such diversity capacity increases play out across elevational gradients in non-water-limited systems. Then, using modern and historical data on the elevational range of indigenous and naturalized alien vascular plant species from the relatively undisturbed sub-Antarctic Marion Island, we show that alien species have contributed significantly to filling available diversity capacity and that increases in energy availability rather than disturbance are the probable underlying cause.

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