On fluting of the trunk in young trees of Pinus taeda L. (Loblolly Pine) with an appendix on the measurement of radial growith as ring-width

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IV Newman
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dead Branch ◽  
Grooved Surface ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Appearance of fluting of the trunk in young trees of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) from Queensland is due to near alignment of greatly extended depressions produced by suppression of radial growth above and below the insertion of branch-bases. Inclination of the fluting accompanies inclination of grain (spiral grain) in the tree. This suppression, chiefly of early wood, operates for 2–3 years and differs from the very slightly extended suppression associated normally with dead branch-bases on both normal and abnormal trees. A pathological condition of the cambial zone seems to affect not only the quantity but also the structure of the cells formed. In the two butt logs examined, suppression ocourred only in the growing seasons beginning 1948, 1949, and sometimes 1950. After that, the depressions were being obliterated by local excess of radial growth, mainly in apparent late wood, and the surface would probably have appeared undisturbed by the end of the season beginning 1955 or 1956 (trees about 18–20 years old). In a note on measurement of "radial growth" at a grooved surface, of the three possible measurements of ring-width, namely, radial (along the radius of the tree-as-a-whole), histological (along the direction of the rows of wood cells), and apparent (along the shortest distance across the ring), the histological ring-width is suggested as most correctly representing "radial growth". The implied "stepped" arrangement of the cambium is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
Charles E. Cordell ◽  
Alexander Clark
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

Performance of Unthinned Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations on Three Sites in South Carolina

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
D. H. Van Lear ◽  
N. B. Goebel ◽  
J. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Region Growth

Abstract The performance of adjacent unthinned plantations of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.) on three sites in South Carolina was evaluated after 16 growing seasons. Sites ranged from a noneroded Piedmont soil to an excessively drained sandy soil of the Sandhills physiographic region. Growth and survival varied widely among sites, with greatest productivity occurring in the Piedmont and the lowest in the Congaree Sandhills. Despite the droughty nature of the latter site, survival after 16 growing seasons was over 80 percent for both species. On a volume basis, loblolly pine outperformed slash pine at the upper Pidemont and Aiken Plateau sites, while slash pine was superior on the dry Sandhills site. Incidence of fusiform rust was much higher for both species at the Aiken Plateau than at the other sites.

Tenth-Year Results of Herbaceous Weed Control in a Loblolly Pine Plantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Herbaceous weed control influenced the growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) over a 10-yr-period. Five treatments were examined: (1) Untreated control: seedlings were planted in the established herbaceous vegetation; (2) Glyphosate: glyphosate was broadcast in September 1981 before planting; (3) Disked: plots were cross-disked in September 1981 before planting; (4) Glyphosate-PPWC: glyphosate was broadcast before planting as in Treatment 2, and postplant weed control (PPWC) herbicides were broadcast yearly for 4 yr (1982, atrazine plus simazine ; 1983, atrazine plus oxyfluorfen; 1984 and 1985, hexazinone ); and (5) Disked-PPWC: plots were disked before planting as in Treatment 3, and the PPWC herbicides were broadcast as in Treatment 4. Four years of PPWC did not affect survival and resulted in greater height, dbh, and volume per loblolly pine through 10 growing seasons. The disked-PPWC plots were the most productive through 8 growing seasons, but higher than average mortality after 8 yr on the disked-PPWC treatment resulted in the glyphosate-PPWC plots producing more volume per acre after 10 growing seasons. Total volume production was 253 inside bark ft³/ac greater on the two PPWC treatments than on the untreated controls. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3): 105-109.

Effect of Crown Scorch on Mortality and Diameter Growth of 19-Year-Old Loblolly Pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lilieholm ◽  
Shih-Chang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crown Scorch ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year

Abstract Various levels of crown scorch on 19-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were examined. Scorching and mortality were greatest for small-diameter, suppressed trees. Diameter growth one year after scorching was not diminished for lightly scorched trees but decreased with increasing crown scorch. During the second and third growing seasons after scorching, only trees receiving complete crown scorch exhibited significantly less diameter growth. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):209-211.

scholarly journals Hand-Lifting Improves Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Greene ◽  
S. Tannis Danley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two Georgia nurseries and planted on six sites in Georgia and Alabama during the winter of 1997/1998. Survival, height, and groundline diameters were measured after two growing seasons. Hand-lifted seedlings from both nurseries were taller than machine-lifted seedlings across all sites by 7–14 cm, resulting in stem volume index increases of 19–30% over 2 yr. Survival of hand-lifted seedlings was higher (P < 0.05) for the nursery using a two-row belt lifter. Seedlings from outer drills at this nursery were 10 cm taller and produced 21% more stem volume after 2 yr than seedlings from inner drills. South. J. Appl. For. 25(3):131–135.

scholarly journals Herbicide Release of 3-Year-Old Loblolly Pine from Competing Hardwoods in Arkansas

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Quicke ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dwight K. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area Response

Abstract Objectives were to identify effective late-summer and spring herbicide treatments for the release of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from competing hardwoods and to quantify longer term pine growth response to varying levels of hardwood control. Effective late-summer treatments included imazapyr at 1.0 and 0.5 lb ae/ac, imazapyr at 0.5 lb ae/ac in combination with glyphosate at 1.125 lb ae/ac, and imazapyr at 0.25 lb ae/ac with surfactant. The best spring treatment was hexazinone at 2.0 lb ai/ac. Although spring imazapyr treatments stunted pine height growth 2 growing seasons after treatment, height growth had recovered by age 10. Late-summer imazapyr treatments provided better hardwood control than spring treatments. Although check plot hardwood basal area averaged 9 ft2/ac, and winged elm (a species known to be tolerant to imazapyr) was the predominant hardwood species at treatment, pine basal area response to treatment ranged from 6 to 27 ft2/ac at age 10. Pine response increased with imazapyr rate for late-summer treatments. Adding hexazinone to imazapyr did not improve hardwood control, and no benefits were observed from adding metsulfuron to either glyphosate or hexazinone. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3): 121-126.

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