The Distribution and Ultrastructural Effects of Passionfruit Woodiness Virus in Bean Leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Pares ◽  
JK Mcgechan
Keyword(s):  
French Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Bean Leaves

An electron microscope examination was made of mesophyll cells in the leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Cherokee Wax infected with passionfruit woodiness virus (PWV). Virus particles and virus-induced inclusions were found in the mesophyll cells of yellow areas of inoculated leaves, leaves with vein clearing, and yellow areas of leaves with systemic mosaic symptoms, but not in the green areas of inoculated leaves and only occasionally in dark green areas of leaves with systemic mosaic symptoms. Virus-induced inclusions were confined to the cytoplasm and were frequently associated with cell membranes. Chloroplasts in infected cells had an increased tendency to invagination of the limiting membranes, and the invaginated portion frequently contained a mitochondrion. Some effects were recorded on the numbers of starch grains per chloroplast.

A method for 13 C-labeling of metabolic carbohydrates within French bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for decomposition studies in soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Girardin ◽  
Daniel P. Rasse ◽  
Philippe Biron ◽  
Jaleh Ghashghaie ◽  
Claire Chenu
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Leaves

Maize Necrotic Lesion Virus Particles and Associated Cellular Inclusions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
Raymond Louie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Necrotic Lesion ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Infected Cells

Maize necrotic lesion virus (MNLV), a newly found soil-borne virus, is apparently one of a complex of viruses infecting roots of maize (Zea mays L.) in northern Ohio (1). Maize roots become infected when plants are grown in infested, field soil that has undergone air-dry storage or in autoclaved, greenhouse soil infested with diseased roots. Symptoms on leaves of rub-inoculated maize and other monocot seedlings first appear as chlorotic local lesions that become necrotic after 24-36 hr.Numerous isometric virus particles of two sizes, ca. 17 and 29 nm in diameter, were observed in crude extracts from MNLV lesions negatively stained in phosphotungstic acid, pH 4.8 (Fig. 1). At pH 6.9 the larger virus particles were frequently stain-penetrated and clumped together or embedded in an amorphous matrix (Fig. 2). MNLV-infected cells were also examined in thin sections cut from fixed and embedded chlorotic lesions (Fig. 3-4). In the cytoplasm of some mesophyll cells, numerous isometric virus particles of both sizes were clearly recognized in close proximity to each other and to masses of electron-dense, amorphous inclusions.

scholarly journals Cytopathological characterization of Mal de Río Cuarto virus in corn, wheat and barley

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL D. ARNEODO ◽  
EUGENIA LORENZO ◽  
IRMA G. LAGUNA ◽  
GUILLERMINA ABDALA ◽  
GRACIELA A. TRUOL
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particles ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Tubular Inclusions ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Cereal Plants

The Mal de Río Cuarto disease is caused by Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) transmitted by Delphacodes kuscheli. Comparative studies were carried out on the cytopathological alterations produced by MRCV in corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), as seen with a transmission electron microscope. Corn plants were infected with viruliferous D. kuscheli collected from the endemic disease area (i.e. Río Cuarto County, Córdoba, Argentina). For the viral transmission to small grain cereal plants, laboratory rared insects were used. In this case, the inoculum source was wheat and barley plants infected with MRCV isolate grown in a greenhouse. Leaf samples with conspicuous symptoms were collected: enations and size reduction in corn; crenatures, swelling veins and dark green color in small grain cereals. Viral infection was corroborated by DAS-ELISA. Viroplasms containing complete and incomplete virus particles and fibrillar material were found in the cytoplasm of infected cells in all species. Mature virions were between 60 and 70 nm diameter. In wheat and barley, viroplasms and dispersed particles were observed only in phloem, while in corn virions were also found in cells of the bundle sheath. Crystalline arrays of particles were detected in corn enation constitutive cells. Tubular inclusions were found only in wheat samples. The three species showed abnormalities in the chloroplasts of affected cells. The results showed that MRCV cytopathology has similarities with other viruses from the genus Fijivirus, family family Reoviridae, but slight differences depending upon the host plant.

Interactions of the nonhost French bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) with parasitic and saprophytic fungi. I. Fungal development on and in killed, untreated, heat-treated, or blasticidin S treated leaves

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam R. Fernandez ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Blasticidin S ◽  
Bean Leaves

Germination, penetration, and subsequent growth of four saprophytic and five parasitic fungi nonpathogenic on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) were examined on, or in, killed, untreated, and heat-treated or blasticidin S treated leaves in the presence (saprophytes only) or absence of additional nutrients. The saprophytes required either an external supply of nutrients or a diffusate from autoclaved leaves to germinate, and they subsequently did not attempt to penetrate untreated or heat-treated living leaves. In contrast, the parasites germinated well, and penetrated untreated tissue almost exclusively through stomata. For some parasites, preinoculation heat treatment increased the incidence of direct penetration and the degree of fungal growth in the tissue. The saprophytes and nonbiotrophic parasites all penetrated and grew well in leaves that had been killed by autoclaving or freezing. The data suggest that living, intact bean leaves are resistant to the fungal saprophytes tested because these fungi lack pathogenicity factors necessary for germination on, and penetration of, the leaf. Resistance to the parasites, in contrast, appears to reside in heat-sensitive and heat- or blasticidin S insensitive defenses in the leaf that may differ with the fungus.

Further Observations on the Virus of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice. An Electron Microscopic Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
W. G. Banfield ◽  
G. Kasnic ◽  
J. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Infected Cells

An ultrastructural study of the intestinal epithelium of mice infected with the agent of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM virus) was first performed by Adams and Kraft. We have extended their observations and have found developmental forms of the virus and associated structures not reported by them.Three-day-old NLM strain mice were infected with EDIM virus and killed 48 to 168 hours later. Specimens of bowel were fixed in glutaraldehyde, post fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon. Sections were stained with uranyl magnesium acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in an updated RCA EMU-3F electron microscope.The cells containing virus particles (infected) are at the tips of the villi and occur throughout the intestine from duodenum through colon. All developmental forms of the virus are present from 48 to 168 hours after infection. Figure 1 is of cells without virus particles and figure 2 is of an infected cell. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells appear clearer than the cells without virus particles.

Studies of a Defective Measles Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick ◽  
J. P. Brunschwig
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions

Measles virus is an agent that is capable of replicating in a number of different culture cells and generally causes the formation of multinucleated giant cells. As a result of infection, virus is released from the cells into the culture fluids and reinfection can be initiated by this cell-free virus. The extracellular virus has been examined by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid and has been shown to be a rather pleomorphic particle with a diameter of about 140 mμ. However, no such virus particles have been detected in thin sections of the infected cells. Rather, the only virus-induced structures present in the giant cells are eosinophilic inclusions (intracytoplasmic or intranuclear). These inclusion bodies have been shown to contain helical structures, resembling the nucleocapsid observed in negatively stained preparations.

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