An Improved Embryo-Rescue Protocol for a Carica Interspecific Hybrid

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Magdalita ◽  
SW Adkins ◽  
ID Godwin ◽  
RA Drew
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Hybrid Plants

An improved embryo-rescue protocol was developed for embryos (90 days old) of Carica papaya L. (Clone 2001), and subsequently was utilised for efficient production of interspecific hybrids of C. papaya × C. cauliflora Jacq. from 90- to 120-day-old embryos. Pre-incubation of C. papaya embryos for 7 days on a germination medium containing half-strength De Fossard nutrients supplemented with gibberellic acid (10 μM), 6-benzylamino-purine (0.25 μM), alpha-naphthalene-acetic acid (0.25 μM). sucrose (58 mM) and agar (8 g L-1) supported 100% germination. Subsequent transfer of germinated embryos to a nutrient medium that was identical, except that it was free of plant growth regulator, allowed good growth but induced shoot etiolation and callus production. Reducing the pre-incubation of C. papaya embryos on this medium to 5 days before transfer to the medium free of plant growth regulator produced similarly high germination (96%), but allowed for the production of good quality seedlings that were unetiolated and free of unwanted callus. For interspecific hybrids, a 5-day pre-incubation of the embryos on a liquid formulation was better than the solid formulation as it promoted better growth and vigour of the normally abortive interspecific hybrid embryos. Using the improved protocol, 1981 of 2100 (94%) interspecific hybrid embryos consisting of single and multiple forms were germinated. In all cases, the germinating multiple embryos underwent further embryogenesis that allowed for the production of 485 (25%) morphologically normal hybrid plants grown in soil in the glasshouse.

Successful stem cutting propagation of chickpea, its wild relatives and their interspecific hybrids

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Danehloueipour ◽  
G. Yan ◽  
H. J. Clarke ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Cicer Species

A successful stem cutting method was developed to propagate chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), its crossable wild annual relatives (C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis) and their interspecific hybrids. The effect of plant growth regulator powder (0.5 mg/g indole butyric acid and 0.5 mg/g naphthalene acetic acid), honey, combined honey + plant growth regulator powder, different growth stages of the donor plant, and rooting substrates on rooting rate, root number, root length, and survival rate were investigated. The highest propagation success rate was achieved when cuttings were taken at the pre-flowering stage, treated with plant growth regulator powder and grown in a sand + potting mix substrate. The rooting rate ranged from 87.5 to 100% for chickpea, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and interspecific hybrids. All of the accessions examined in the study were successfully propagated with the new method. This study provides a simple and efficient technique for vegetative propagation of Cicer species which will be useful for the multiplication of seed, production of clones for disease screening or for the development of mapping populations.

Interspecific hybridization of Medicago sativa L. and M. rupestris M. B. using ovule–embryo culture

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

An ovule–embryo culture method was used to produce the first interspecific hybrids between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Medicago rupestris M. B. Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross diploid (2n = 2x = 16) M. sativa (jpjp) × diploid (2n = 2x = 16) M. rupestris began 14 days after pollination. After 5 days in culture, the interspecific hybrid embryo was removed and transferred to fresh medium, where development into a plant occurred. Forty-six M. sativa – M. rupestris F1 hybrids have been recovered using this technique. All but one of the 46 F1 hybrids were diploid (2n = 2x = 16); the only exception was tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32). The most frequent meiotic configurations observed in the F1 hybrid plants were eight bivalents or seven bivalents and two univalents, indicating significant homology between M. sativa and M. rupestris genomes. However, pollen stainability (0–12%) and pollen germination (0–6%) were extremely low. Similar to the production of the F1, no first backcross (BC1) plants were obtained from seed; however, the ovule–embryo culture method was found to be a very effective method for recovering BC1 plants and hundreds of BC1 plants have been produced. The BC1 plants from crossing the F1 with diploid M. sativa were predominantly diploid. Medicago rupestris can now be considered a potential germplasm source for alfalfa improvement. The ovule–embryo culture method represents the first successful recovery of Medicago interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. Importantly, it appears this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Medicago genus.Key words: Medicago, alfalfa, embryo culture, interspecific hybrid.

scholarly journals Transfer of Powdery Mildew Resistance from Brassica carinata to B. oleracea

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 869B-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Tonguc* ◽  
Phillip D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of crucifers, caused by Erysiphe polygoni D.C. and it can be problematic during seed increase in green-houses. Crosses were made between Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard) accession (PI 360883) and B. oleracea cultivars `Titleist' and `Cecile' to transfer resistance to powdery mildew to B. oleracea germplasm. It was not possible to obtain interspecific hybrids between Ethiopian mustard and B. oleracea through natural seed set. However, interspecific hybrids and backcross one (BC1) progenies were produced via embryo rescue following sexual crosses. Four interspecific hybrid plants were produced with the aid of embryo rescue from cultured pistils with B. carinata as the maternal parent, and their interspecific origin was confirmed through plant morphology and analysis of RAPD polymorphisms. No interspecific hybrids were obtained when `Titleist' was used as a maternal parent. Interspecific hybrid plants were male sterile and they were used as maternal parents to produce BC1 plants. Twenty one BC1 plants were obtained through natural seed set and embryo rescue, although embryo rescue was not necessary to produce first backcross generation plants. When tested in greenhouse with powdery mildew, all interspecific hybrids and eight of the BC1 plants were resistant to the disease. Crosses are being made to produce BC2 plants with 2n = 18 chromosomes for introgression of the resistance in B. oleracea.

scholarly journals PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON SEED TRACE DEVELOPMENT AND GERMINATION OF FOUR STENOSPERMIC GRAPE CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077e-1077
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Bordelon ◽  
J.N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Ovule Culture ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Various plant growth regulators were used to stimulate endosperm and embryo development in four stenospermic grape cultivars. Five antigibberellins were applied to clusters at 1000 and 100 ppm two weeks prior to bloom. Two cytokinins were applied at 1000, 500, and 250 ppm 20 days after bloom. Combinations of the treatments were also made. Data collected included: 1) cluster weight, 2) berry weight, 3) number of `sinker' and `floater' seed traces, 4) `sinker' weight and 5) percent germination. Significant differences were found among treatments for some of the variables. Differences also occurred among cultivars. Percent germination was greater for cultivars with large seed traces. The technique appears to have promise as an alternative to ovule culture/embryo rescue for intercrossing stenospermic grapes.

Influence of plant growth regulator and rhizobial inoculation on nodulation and soybean nitrogen contant

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulejman Redžepović ◽  
Sanja Sikora ◽  
Josip Čolo ◽  
Mihaela Blažinkov ◽  
Marija Pecina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation

Yield increase and higher flesh firmness of 'Arctic Snow' nectarines both at harvest in Australia and after export to Taiwan following pre-harvest application of ReTain Plant Growth Regulator (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, AVG)

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Rath ◽  
A. J. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Harvest Delay

The effects ReTain Plant Growth Regulator (830 g in 1000 L water/ha) applied to a commercial block of 'Arctic Snow' nectarines 7 days before the first harvest was assessed in relation to harvest delay, fruit size, fruit quality (flesh firmness and brix), as well as the quality of the fruit following export to Taiwan. The untreated block (0.87 ha) and the ReTain-treated block (1.0 ha) were harvested according to the orchard's standard maturation criteria of background colour, size and percent blush colour. Based on picking schedules, the maturation of the ReTain block was delayed by 2.75 days (P<0.05). The fruit continued to grow during this delay and resulted in a 12.3% increase in yield and an increase of 393 packed cartons/ha. There were more (P<0.001) cartons of ReTain-treated fruit packed in grade sizes 69–78 mm diameter and less of smaller size classes (51–66 mm) compared with untreated fruit. The increase in both the number of cartons of class 1 fruit and fruit size on the ReTain block resulted in a Return on Investment (ROI) of 14.7 : 1 with an additional net return of AU$17 655/ha over the untreated block. There was a correlation between fruit size and flesh firmness with larger fruit being firmer than smaller fruit (P<0.001), however, packed ReTain-treated fruit was 3.2 N firmer on average (P<0.001) than packed untreated fruit for all size grades and from all harvests and packs. Brix levels increased (P<0.001) with fruit size but there was no difference (P = 0.568) between ReTain-treated fruit and untreated fruit. Two containers of fruit (early and late picks) were exported to Taiwan. The containers held a temperature of 0.5–2.0°C for the 14–15 day transit time from Australia to Taiwan. ReTain-treated fruit in both containers was 1.7 N firmer (P = 0.022) than untreated fruit upon arrival in Taiwan. After ambient storage (23°C) of fruit from container 1 for 45 h, fruit firmness declined (P<0.001) from an average of 65.7 to 43.2 N and there was no difference (P = 0.826) between treated or untreated fruit. It is concluded that ReTain application to 'Arctic Snow' nectarines can increase financial returns to growers through increased fruit size and quality benefits as well as maintain a higher flesh firmness following export.

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