Fodder yield and quality in forage sorghum: scope for improvement through diverse male sterile cytoplasms

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aruna ◽  
P. K. Shrotria ◽  
S. K. Pahuja ◽  
A. V. Umakanth ◽  
B. Venkatesh Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
A1 Cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has proved to be an effective and efficient genetic tool in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid breeding programs. The A1 (milo cytoplasm) CMS type has been widely exploited to produce both commercial grain and forage sorghum hybrids. To explore the possibility of using alternative CMS (non-milo cytoplasm) sources, we studied the effect of cytoplasm on forage yield and quality in sorghum. Nine female (CMS) lines (representing three each in A1, A2, and A3 cytoplasms) and five male lines were used to generate 45 hybrids, which were evaluated in three environments. Cytoplasm and its first-order interaction with location and male and female lines showed the presence of a cytoplasmic effect on the majority of fodder yield and quality traits examined. The CMS lines possessing A3 cytoplasm (A3N213 and A3N193) were good combiners for important fodder yield and quality traits. For hydrocyanic acid, the CMS lines possessing A1 cytoplasm were good combiners. Mean performance of hybrids and combining ability analysis of parents revealed that A3 cytoplasm can be used along with the widely used A1 cytoplasm, which helps in the diversification of the male sterile base of forage sorghum hybrids.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for various yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
Showkat A. Waza ◽  
H. K. Jaiswal ◽  
T. Sravan ◽  
Kumari Priyanka ◽  
Dilruba A. Bano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis

An investigation was undertaken to assess the combining ability for yield and quality traits in rice. Three WA cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice i.e., IR-58025A, IR-68897A and Pusa 6A were crossed with six restorer genotypes i.e., Sanwal Basmati, Pusa Sugandh-2, Pusa Sugandh-3, Pusa Sugandh-5, Pusa 2517-2-51-1 and HURJM- 59221 in line x tester design to generate 18 hybrids. Among the female parents, IR-58025A revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for yield per plant and most of the quality traits. Among the pollen parents, Pusa Sugandh-3 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the yield traits. However, Pusa Sugandh-5 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the quality traits. Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 evinced the highest significant value of SCA effect for grain yield followed by IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5. However, IR- 68897A x Pusa 2517-2-51-1 followed by IR-58025A x Sanwal Basmati revealed the significant desirable value of SCA effect for most of the quality traits. For both yield and quality traits, IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5, IR-68897A x HUR-JM-59221 and Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 were found to be relatively better performing. Thus, present study aims to develop hybrids performing better for both yield and quality traits.

Inducing variability in multi-cut forage sorghum through mutagenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pahuja ◽  
C. Aruna ◽  
P. K. Shrotria ◽  
Simarjit Kaur ◽  
B. R. Ranwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Improvement in multi-cut forage sorghum varieties that can perform better than SSG 59-3, a sweet Sudan grass released in 1974, has been a challenge. Efforts were made to create variability in SSG 59-3 through mutagenesis using both physical and chemical mutagens. Fifteen such mutants were evaluated for 2 years in different locations in India. Considerable variability was observed for important fodder yield and quality traits. SSG 237 flowered 10 d early than SSG 59-3. SSG 231, SSG 260, SSG 232 and SSG 237 had high protein percentage andin vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values compared with SSG 59-3. Hydrocyanic acid (HCN), a major anti-nutritional factor, was low in six mutants, the lowest being in SSG 226. This variability can be used in different breeding programmes aimed at improving multi-cut forage sorghum varieties. The lines with improved fodder quality (low HCN, high protein and IVDMD) can be used in the breeding programme for the improvement in multi-cut forage sorghum varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of Dicamba and Adjuvant Combination on Parthenium Control, Fodder Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ASIF ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
M.E. SAFDAR ◽  
A. ALI ◽  
S. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Fodder Yield

ABSTRACT: Parthenium is an important weed which poses severe threats to yield and quality of sorghum and many other summer season crops, worldwide. As in other field crops, parthenium also reduces yield and quality of forage plants in forage crops so it should be controlled in forage and fodder crops. Parthenium control efficacy of five herbicide treatments (including dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 (full rate) alone, dicamba at full rate + 1% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at full rate + 2% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at 75% rate + 1% ammonium sulphate and dicamba at 75% rate + 2% ammonium sulphate) was tested in field trials for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). One manual hoeing three weeks after crop emergence was also performed as a treatment and weedy check was kept as control. Application of the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate showed the lowest parthenium dry weight (16.5 g m-2 and 23.5 g m-2) and NPK uptake that seem to be due to the highest parthenium control efficiency of 79.6% and 73.8% during 2013 and 2014, respectively. This weed management strategy also gave maximum values of yield components of forage sorghum, including plant height (261 and 254 cm), stem diameter (0.97 and 0.84 cm), leaf area per plant (3,072 and 3,041 cm2), fresh fodder yield (63.4 and 60.9 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (17.4 and 15.8 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Highest net return and marginal rate of return (346 and 356% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) were also found when the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate was applied. In conclusion, tank-mixed application of dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 2% of ammonium sulphate proved to be better for efficient control of parthenium weed in forage sorghum.

scholarly journals Studies on combining ability and gene action for yield and quality traits in Baby corn (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355
Author(s):  
Hemlata Kumari ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Rashmi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Fodder Yield

An investigation was carried out to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action in baby corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes, by making crosses of eight inbred lines namely, HKI 3209, SML 1, EC 595979, CM 128, VQL 1, G 18 seq C5 F 76-2-2-1-1-2-BBB, HKI 209, in diallel mating design (without reciprocal crosses) by following Griffing Model–I and Method–II during rabi season 2013-14 at the experimental farm of BAC, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar). The crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action. Based on general combining ability, parents CM 128 and VQL 1 were best parent forbreeding programme for yield and quality improvement. The specific combining ability also indicates that hybrid CM128 x VQL1 was best specific combiner for baby corn yield (4.11q/ha), fodder yield (50.91q/ha) as well as for better quality. The crosses CM 128 x HKI 209 recorded the high mean (7.35%) and SCA effects (2.57 ºBrix) for quality traits. The gene action analysis also revealed preponderance of non-additive gene action for yield and its contributing characters.

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