Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in the Victorian Mallee

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown ◽  
JW Meagher ◽  
NK McSwain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Carry Over

The nematicides Temik (2, methyl 2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde 0-(methylcarbamol) oxime), Lannate (S methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioacetimidate), ethylene dibromide, and dibromochloropropane were tested for control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) in field experiments with wheat in the 1968-69 season at Sea Lake, Victoria. All chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production, and four of the treatments increased grain yield, and reduced nematode carry-over. Temik broadcast at 11 kg a.i. per hectare provided the best nematode control and more than trebled grain yield. Lannate (13 kg a.i. per hectare) was almost as effective. Dibromochloropropane was an effective nematicide, but at 65 1 per hectare was phytotoxic.

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Victoria. A comparison of systemic and contact nematicides

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Carry Over

The nematicides Temik (2, methyl 2 (methylthio) propionaldehyde 0-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), Lannate (S methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioacetimidate), Nemafos (0, 0-diethyl 0-2 pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), Nemacur P (ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropyl phosphoramidate), Mocap (0-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorothioate), and Vydate (S-methyl l-(dimethylcarbam0~1)-N-((methylcarbamoyl) oxy) thioformidate) were tested for control of the cereal cyst nematode (Hekrodera avenae Woll.) in field experiments with wheat in the seasons 1969-70 to 1971-72 at Sea Lake, Victoria. All chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production and nematode carry-over in each of the three seasons. In 1969 the plots were severely damaged by field mice, and in 1970 unfavourable seasonal conditions prevented large increases in grain yield from being obtained, although significant yield increases were obtained in 1971. Temik (9 kg a.i. ha-1) and Vydate (2 kg a.i. ha-1) provided excellent nematode control and gave the best grain yield increases (880 kg ha-1). Plants from plots treated with Temik at the higher rate (9 kg a.i. ha-1) were cyst-free in each experiment, and hlocap used at the same rate was severely phytotoxic. In a resowing experiment, all 1969 chemical treatments significantly reduced white cyst production and lowered nematode carry-over in 1971, although only four of the treatments provided significant increases in grain yield viz (Temik 9 at 2 kg a.i. ha-1 with added sulphate of ammonia, and Nemafos and Mocap both at 9 kg a i ha-1). Grain from plots treated with Temik and Lannate at the higher rate (9 kg a.i. ha-1) was analysed for the presence of chemical residues. No Lannate residues were detected, and Temik residues were less than 0.1 p.p.m

Chemical control of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) - a comparison of methods and rates of application of two systemic nematicides

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cyst Production

Temik, (2, methyl 2(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime) and Lannate, (S methyl N ((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)thioacetimidate) were compared in broadcast and drill row applications at different rates for control of Heterodera avenae on wheat at two sites in Victoria during 1969-1972. All broadcast applications and all drill row treatments except Lannate 0.3 kg ha-1 in 1971, significantly reduced white cyst production. Lannate dusted wheat seed was ineffective. Temik at 9 kg ha-1 broadcast, and 2.2 kg ha-1 in the drill row gave best control of H. avenae and completely prevented production of cysts. Temik, at comparable rates, was a better nematicide than Lannate, and on a rate for rate basis drill row treatments were more effective than broadcast treatments. The degree of nematode control was directly related to the amount of nematicide applied. Significant increases in grain yield were obtained in each experiment. All chemical treatments (except Lannate dusted seed) applied in 1969 significantly reduced white cyst production in 1971 but only four of these provided significant increases in grain yield, viz. Temik (at 9, 4.5 and 2.2 kg ha-1 broadcast, and 2.2 kg ha-1 in the drill row)

The relation between time of sowing of cereals and cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Georg ◽  
JM Fisher ◽  
AJ Dube ◽  
SE Wayte
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Maximum Loss

Many juveniles of Heterodera avenae Woll. were hatchable in April but hatching was inhibited by lack of water. Number of knots (infestations) per susceptible wheat plant in 1981 increased from less than 40 at the initial sowing in mid-May to a maximum of almost 80 in mid June sowings; in 1982, the maximum (80 knots/plant) was recorded at the initial sowing in late April. Loss in yield of grain of wheat and barley was minimal in crops sown in mid-May but rapidly increased to a maximum in crops sown in late May/early June, the optimum time of sowing for yield. This maximum loss changed little in crops sown up till early August and varied with the tolerance of the cultivar from 520 to 880 kg/ha. Early or late sowings reduced potential yield. Females with eggs first appeared on the roots 90 days (late July) after sowing, indicating that fallows to prevent reproduction of the nematode should begin in early August. Maximum numbers of females (16lplant) occurred in sowings at the optimum time for yield (late May/early June) and decreased in later sowings. Resistance in the host reduced numbers of females but applications of ethylene dibromide rarely did.

The relation between wheat yield and early damage of roots by cereal cyst nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Simon ◽  
AD Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A survey of 14 farmers' fields in the Northern Adelaide Plains in 1978 showed that cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) was the major factor limiting wheat yields, with a relation of r = -0.86 (P < 0.001) between damage to wheat roots at the seedling stage and grain yield. None of the 12 physical and chemical properties of the soils measured was related to cereal cyst nematode damage or grain yield. Samples taken from experimental plots with similar soil and climate showed a build up of H. avenae after four successive wheat crops and highly significant negative correlations between the damage to seminal roots by H. avenae, dry weight at flowering, and grain yield. A highly significant positive correlation of 0.84 existed between the damage to the seminal roots and the number of females (white cysts) on the roots at flowering.

Population estimates of cereal cyst nematode and response of wheat to granular nematicides

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM King ◽  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
RH Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Assays

Response of vegetative growth and grain yield of wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Condor to the control of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae by nematicides applied with the seed, in the drill row was assessed in twenty field trials. These trials were conducted in 1978 on three soil types near Coonalpyn, South Australia. Aldicarb was used at all sites and fosthietan and terbufos at four sites. Significant grain yield increases to aldicarb were obtained at 12 sites while yields were increased by the three nematicides at three sites. Numbers of eggs of H. avenae were determined in soil taken in January 1978, and these counts showed that all sites were infested over the range 0.03-8.5 eggs/g soil. Plant assays of the soils assessed the reduction in the length of seminal root axes (range 0-45%) and the severity of the root knotting caused by H. avenae. The egg densities in the soil, reduction in the length of the seminal root axes and disease ratings in the plant assay were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.75; P< 0.001 to 0.91, P< 0.001). These variables were not significantly correlated with grain yield increase due to aldicarb on the two major wheat soils studied, although a correlation, explaining 32-42% of the increase, existed when all sites were considered. A mathematical model based on cropping history and an estimated annual hatch of eggs of H. avenae failed to show a relation between these variables and the yield increase from nematicide. H. avenae caused severe disease and yield loss on calcareous loams and red duplex soils but had only minimal effects at the sites on siliceous sands.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document