An environmentally friendly method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different soil typologies

Environmental contextPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that tend to accumulate in soil. We developed an environmentally friendly analytical method for PAHs to evaluate human health risks associated with their presence in soils. The method is feasible for the analysis of soils with widely varying PAH contamination levels, and is well suited to environmental monitoring studies of relevance to human health. AbstractA microwave-assisted extraction, with a dispersive solid-phase purification step followed by programmed temperature vaporisation–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, is proposed as an environmentally friendly, simple and cheap analytical method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Different extraction and clean-up operating variables were tested to achieve satisfactory analytical performances: trueness from 92 to 114%, limit of quantification (LOQ) from 0.4 to 2µgkg−1 for most PAHs and intermediate precision, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), below 10%. The method was validated using both Certified Reference Material and real soil samples collected at sites subjected to different human activities. PAH contents ranged from 0.11 (in holm oak forest soil) to 1mgkg−1 d.w. (in an industrial soil) according to the anthropic gradient. The soil PAH contents measured were used to estimate the risk to human health, which suggested the exposure to the PAHs in soil as a potential risk for human health, especially at the industrial site. The feasibility of the method for soils with different PAH contamination degrees makes it relevant in monitoring programs.

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QuEChERS Method Followed by Solid Phase Extraction Method for Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/352610 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mona Khorshid ◽

Eglal R. Souaya ◽

Ahmed H. Hamzawy ◽

Moustapha N. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Quechers Method ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

A gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometer (GCMS) method was developed and validated for determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for extraction and solid phase extraction for sample cleanup to remove most of the coextract combined with GCMS for determination of low concentration of selected group of PAHs in homogenized fish samples. PAHs were separated on a GCMS with HP-5ms Ultra Inert GC Column (30 m, 0.25 mm, and 0.25 µm). Mean recovery ranged from 56 to 115%. The extraction efficiency was consistent over the entire range where indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene showed recovery (65, 69%), respectively, at 2 µg/kg. No significant dispersion of results was observed for the other remaining PAHs and recovery did not differ substantially, and at the lowest and the highest concentrations mean recovery and RSD% showed that most of PAHs were between 70% and 120% with RSD less than 10%. The measurement uncertainty is expressed as expanded uncertainty and in terms of relative standard deviation (at 95% confidence level) is±12%. This method is suitable for laboratories engaged daily in routine analysis of a large number of samples.

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Phosphorimetric Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Solid-Phase Extraction Membranes

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702981944814 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 1096-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Erik D. Hagestuen ◽

Andres D. Campiglia

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Solid Substrates ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Phosphorescence Emission

Solid-surface room-temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) has been employed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on solid-phase extraction (SPE) membranes. Three types of membranes commercially available were tested as solid substrates for phosphorescence emission. The effects of humidity and oxygen quenching were studied on SPEC® membranes. Calibration curves with linear dynamic ranges varying from two to three orders of magnitude were obtained in the presence of 0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 M TlNO3. The relative standard deviations of measurements varied between 5 and 10%. The absolute limits of detection were estimated at the ng to sub-ng level. On the basis of the performance of SPE membranes as solid substrates, the potential application of SPE-RTP for the analysis of PAHs is discussed.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Honey by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/86.3.576 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 576-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Beatriz Albero ◽

Consuelo Sánchez-Brunete ◽

José L Tadeo

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion ◽

Phase Dispersion ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract A multiresidue method was developed for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unifloral and multifloral honeys. The analytical procedure is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion of honey on a mixture of Florisil and anhydrous sodium sulfate in small glass columns and extraction with hexane–ethyl acetate (90 + 10, v/v) with assisted sonication. The PAH residues are determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection using selected-ion monitoring. Average recoveries for all the PAHs studied were in the range of almost 80 to 101%, with relative standard deviations of 6 to 15%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.04 to 2.9 μg/kg. The simultaneous extraction and cleanup of samples makes this method simple and rapid, with low consumption of organic solvents.

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A green analytical method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oral fluids from crack smokers

Bioanalysis ◽

10.4155/bio-2020-0251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 1711-1724

Author(s):

Pavla Lôbo Rossiter ◽

Lucas José de Alencar Danda ◽

Maria Fernanda Pimentel ◽

Danielle Cristine Almeida Silva de Santana ◽

Fernando José Malagueño de Santana

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Oral Fluids ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Relative Errors ◽

Full Factorial

Aim: Develop and validate a method of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography to investigate three major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oral fluid. Results/Methodology: The extraction phase was exposed to 1.5 ml of diluted oral fluid under stirring at 1000 rpm for 60 min, at 70°C. Then, it was immersed in 200 μl of acetonitrile for 10 min at 25°C for desorption of the analytes. Linearity, absolute recovery, and inter- and intra-assay relative standard deviations and relative errors were 50–300 ng.ml-1, ≥24% and ≤15% for all analytes, respectively. A full factorial design was used to SPME optimization. Discussion/Conclusion: The method is suitable for the exploratory analysis of some PAHs in the oral fluid of crack smokers.

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Determination of PAHs in River Water Using Bamboo Charcoal as a Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent by Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometry

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1501 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 1501-1505

Author(s):

Li Fang He ◽

Xia Hong Zhang ◽

Ru Ping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Synchronous Fluorescence ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) using bamboo charcoal as absorbent coupled with constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence (CWSL) analytical method was developed for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. A new method for simultaneous determination for sixteen kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water was developed by constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence (CWSL) with bamboo charcoal solid phase extraction. The four main factors influencing on extraction efficiency, that is, type and volume of the elution solvent, sampling speed and volume were investigated. A solid-phase extraction with bamboo charcoal cartridges was carried out and the elution was performed with 15 mL of n-hexane. Sampling speed was 5 mL/min. Sampling volume was 500 mL. The linear response of this method was in the range of 0~1000ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9988), the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.017%~4.12% (n = 6). The detection limits were in the range of 0.052~12.37ng /mL. .By using this method, real samples were determined directly and good results were obtained with the recoveries of 78.87%-107.9%in water from the Longjin river estuary of the provincial control section. The results showed the method was cheap, simple, and could used as an excellent alternative for the routine analysis in environmental field.

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A traceless clean-up method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex plant leaf matrices

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/d0an00128g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (9) ◽

pp. 3266-3273

Author(s):

Xiangzi Jin ◽

Han Yeong Kaw ◽

Huijie Li ◽

Zhao Wang ◽

Jinhua Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Gas Purge ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

This study developed a traceless clean-up method by combining solid phase extraction (SPE) with gas purge–microsyringe extraction (GP–MSE) to purify sample extracts for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plant leaves.

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