Research note: Maternally-controlled ovule abortion results from cosuppression of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase or flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase genes in Petunia hybrida

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Jorgensen ◽  
Qiudeng Que ◽  
Carolyn A. Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Maternal Tissue ◽  
Normal Seed

Transgenes designed to overexpress anthocyanin genes An6 (encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) or Hf1 (encoding flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase) in Petunia hybrida L. produced flower colour phenotypes similar to those caused by sense cosuppression of chalcone synthase (Chs) genes. However, unlike Chs, sense cosuppression of An6 and Hf1 resulted in female infertility in transgenotes exhibiting complete phenotypic suppression of anthocyanins. Female sterility appeared to be due to embryo abortion, with discolouration of ovules first appearing about 4 d post-fertilization, followed by gradual collapse of the ovule. Pollen from cosuppressed, female-sterile transgenotes placed on wild-type stigmas produced normal seed set, indicating that sterility of cosuppressed plants was maternally controlled. We suggest an hypothesis that cosuppression of An6 and Hf1 leads to accumulation of dihydroflavonols in the seed coat, a maternal tissue, and that this accumulation inhibits embryo growth, either directly or indirectly. In this hypothesis, direct inhibition of embryo growth would require that dihydroflavonols diffuse from the seed coat into the embryo and act there, whereas indirect inhibition would require that dihydroflavonols interfere with some capacity of the seed coat to promote embryo growth.

scholarly journals Understanding Alstroemeria pallida Flower Colour: Links between Phenotype, Anthocyanins and Gene Expression

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Amanda Donoso ◽  
Constanza Rivas ◽  
Alan Zamorano ◽  
Álvaro Peña ◽  
Michael Handford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanidin Synthase ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Colour Chart

Flower colour is mainly due to the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains in the petals. Of these pigments, flavonoids are responsible for a wide variety of colours ranging from pale yellow (flavones, flavonols and flavanodiols) to blue-violet (anthocyanins). This character plays a crucial ecological role by attracting and guiding pollinators. Moreover, in the ornamental plants market, colour has been consistently identified as the main feature chosen by consumers when buying flowers. Considering the importance of this character, the aim of this study was to evaluate flower colour in the native Chilean geophyte Alstroemeria pallida, by using three different approaches. Firstly, the phenotype was assessed using both a colour chart and a colourimeter, obtaining CIELab parameters. Secondly, the anthocyanin content of the pigmented tepals was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and finally, the expression of two key flavonoid genes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual evaluation of A. pallida flower colour identified 5 accessions, ranging from white (Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) N999D) to pink (RHS 68C). Moreover, this visual evaluation of the accessions correlated highly with the CIELab parameters obtained by colourimetry. An anthocyanidin corresponding to a putative 6-hydroxycyanidin was identified, which was least abundant in the white accession (RHS N999D). Although CHS was not expressed differentially between the accessions, the expression of ANS was significantly higher in the accession with pink flowers (RHS 68C). These results suggest a correlation between phenotype, anthocyanin content and ANS expression for determining flower colour of A. pallida, which could be of interest for further studies, especially those related to the breeding of this species with ornamental value.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DOMINANT FEMALE-STERILE MUTATIONS LOCATED ON THE X CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325
Author(s):  
D Busson ◽  
M Gans ◽  
K Komitopoulou ◽  
M Masson
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Wild Type Allele ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Type Allele ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Female Germ Line

ABSTRACT Three dominant female-sterile mutations were isolated following ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Females heterozygous for two of these mutations show atrophy of the ovaries and produce no eggs (ovoD  1) or few eggs (ovoD  2); females heterozygous for the third mutation, ovoD  3, lay flaccid eggs. All three mutations are germ line-dependent and map to the cytological region 4D-E on the X chromosome; they represent a single allelic series. Two doses of the wild-type allele restore fertility to females carrying ovoD  3 and ovoD  2, but females carrying ovoD  1 and three doses of the wild-type allele remain sterile. The three mutations are stable in males but are capable of reversion in females; reversion of the dominant mutations is accompanied by the appearance, in the same region, of a recessive mutation causing female sterility. We discuss the utility of these mutations as markers of clones induced in the female germ line by mitotic recombination as well as the nature of the mutations.

Genes affecting flower colour and pH of flower limb homogenates in Petunia hybrida

1983 ◽  
Vol 66-66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de Vlaming ◽  
A. W. Schram ◽  
H. Wiering
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Flower Colour

scholarly journals Control of mating plug expelling and sperm storage in Drosophila: A gynandromorph- and mutation-based dissection

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
János Szabad ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Eric Kubli
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Mating Plug ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Reproductive Apparatus

Introduction In this study, we analyzed gynandromorphs with female terminalia, to dissect mating-related female behaviors in Drosophila. Materials and methods We used gynandromorphs, experimentally modified wild-type (Oregon-R) females, and mutant females that lacked different components of the female reproductive apparatus. Results Many of the gynandromorphs mated but did not expel the mating plug (MP). Some of these – with thousands of sperm in the uterus – failed to take up sperm into the storage organs. There were gynandromorphs that stored plenty of sperm but failed to release them to fertilize eggs. Expelling the MP, sperm uptake into the storage organs, and the release of stored sperm along egg production are separate steps occurring during Drosophila female fertility. Cuticle landmarks of the gynandromorphs revealed that while the nerve foci that control MP expelling and also those that control sperm uptake reside in the abdominal, the sperm release foci derive from the thoracic region of the blastoderm. Discussion and conclusion The gynandromorph study is confirmed by analyses of (a) mutations that cause female sterility: Fs(3)Avar (preventing egg deposition), Tm2gs (removing germline cells), and iab-4DB (eliminating gonad formation) and (b) by experimentally manipulated wild-type females: decapitated or cut through ventral nerve cord.

A gene for flower colour fading in Petunia hybrida

1982 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de Vlaming ◽  
J. E. M. van Eekeres ◽  
H. Wiering
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Flower Colour

La morphogenèse florale chez le pétunia. III. Déviations dans le programme organogène chez un mutant femelle stérile

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-France Turlier ◽  
Josiane Alabouvette ◽  
Diane Doulain-Douvier
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Pollen Sacs

A monogenic mutant of Petunia hybrida R-n57 exhibits flowers with abnormal gynoecium: various malformations, such as the opening of the style and the nonprotection of ovules, or the masculinization with development of pollen sacs, anthers, and male gametophyte growing with or within ovules. The same type of abnormalities happens over and over along one inflorescential axis so that an ontogenic analysis can be conducted. Some assumptions are supported by the histocytological study: a few punctual modifications of the normal organogenesis program, recently established, and one new stage ending at the masculine or abnormal gynoecium, with homeotic members, are involved. Relations between the deflected development and female sterility are argued. Key words: flower, teratology, morphogenesis, mutant, Petunia.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the inverted repeat of a chalcone synthase pseudogene between yellow soybean and seed coat pigmented mutants

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mineo Senda ◽  
Satsuki Nishimura ◽  
Atsushi Kasai ◽  
Setsuzo Yumoto ◽  
Yoshitake Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Chalcone Synthase

A quantitative study of lateral branching in petunia

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley C. Snowden ◽  
Carolyn A. Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Initial Zone

The monopodial shoot axis of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm) has two different patterns of branch development. Basal lateral branching develops acropetally and is limited to a discrete number of nodes that correlate with the late rosette phase of growth (Zone II). Two zones of suppressed buds immediately precede and follow this zone of branching. Apical branching occurs in response to flowering, develops in a basipetal direction, and is restricted to the distal-most nodes on the monopodial axis. When grown under a short-day regime, an extension to the basal branching zone occurs, and growth of the main shoot axis is retarded. The sym1 mutant has an overall decrease in basal lateral branching compared with wild type whereas the three dad mutants have increased basal branching. The dad1-1 and dad2-1 mutants have no initial zone of suppressed branching whereas the dad3 mutant has a similar Zone II to wild type, but with a greater potential to form branches within this zone. The dad1-1 mutant exhibits delayed flowering, but the dad1-1 sym1 double mutant flowers at a similar node number to wild-type and branching is similar to dad1-1 indicating that these two aspects of the mutant dad1-1 phenotype are independent.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN PETUNIA HYBRIDA BY MULTIPLE ALLELIC SERIES OF THE GENES An1 AND An2

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Anton G M Gerats ◽  
Eliane Farcy ◽  
Marco Wallroth ◽  
Steven P C Groot ◽  
André Schram
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Multiple Series ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
Mutable Allele ◽  
Multiple Allelic Series ◽  
Composition Changes

ABSTRACT A mutable allele of the An1 locus in Petunia hybrida has given rise to a multiple series of stable derivative alleles. Anthocyanin concentration in mature flowers of these mutants (an1  +/p/an1) decreases from the wild-type red to the recessive white in a continuous series. Anthocyanin composition changes regularly: the ratio of peonidin to cyanidin is 3.5 for an an1  +/+/an1 and 1.2 for an an1  +/p5/an1 mutant. Analysis of anthocyanins during flower development indicates that these differences in composition are due to the specific state of the An1 locus and not to anthocyanin concentration. Anthocyanin concentration in flowers of the allelic series for An1 correlates with the activity of the enzymes UDP-glucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase and SAM: anthocyanin-3′-O-methyltransferase. The same correlations were found for members of a comparable allelic series at the An2 locus. The possibility that the correlation between the enzyme activities is due to the occurrence of a multienzyme complex is discussed.

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