Rootstocks affect pear (Pyrus communis) tree growth through extent of node neoformation and flowering with key differences to apple

Improved knowledge of rootstock effects on pear (Pyrus communis L.) tree development is required before early assessment of rootstock breeding populations can be improved. Two cultivars, ‘Doyenné du Comice’ and ‘Concorde’, were grafted on Pyrus calleryana Decne. (vigorous), Quince BA29 (semi-vigorous) and Quince C (semi-dwarfing) rootstocks. Growth of the compound trees was studied over 2 years after grafting and flowering was recorded in the spring of the third year. Using architectural analysis, annual shoot types common to all treatments and closely connected to the patterns of extension of preformed and neoformed metamers were identified and the differences among rootstock vigour treatments were quantified by proportions of these shoot types. Rootstock affected node neoformation, which was highest in the treatment with P. calleryana. The extent of sylleptic branching varied among the treatments, whereas the budbreak along the primary-axis in the second year of growth was unaffected, hence, the number of proleptic secondary axes was largely determined the primary-axis node number developed in year one. Spring flowering first occurred in the third year of tree growth and its intensity was influenced by rootstock. Quince C, the least vigorous rootstock, produced the highest number of floral buds. Flowering was delayed in young pear trees compared with apple, as shown in previous studies, so we conclude flowering does not play such a pivotal role in secondary axes development and early tree dwarfing by rootstock as has been observed in apple.

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SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO PEAR RUST

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2021/1/42-45 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Е. А. Dolmatov ◽

T. А. Khrykina

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Intergeneric Hybrids ◽

Pyrus Communis ◽

Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Genetic Origin ◽

Pyrus Calleryana ◽

Mountain Ash ◽

Pyrus Communis L ◽

Crop Variety

The results of the study of the resistance to rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter) of pear cultivars, forms and intergeneric hybrids with different genetic origin as well as economical and biological characteristics of identified absolutely resistant genotypes are given. The studies were carried out in 2012-2020 in the pear collection orchard with the aim of to reveal genetic donors and sources of absolute resistance to rust for the further use in breeding programs. The work was carried out in accordance with the Program and Methods of Fruit, Berry and Nut Crop Breeding and Program and Methods of Fruit, Berry and Nut Crop Variety Investigation. Four intergeneric hybrids (Malopyrus № 1, Pyromalus № 818, Sorbopyrus auricularis, Sorbopyrus Kuryanovii); 114 pear genotypes of different genetic origin including pear cultivars and forms of Pyrus communis L., Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm) Nakai, Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.; cultivars that are interspecific hybrids of Pyrus communis and Pyrus ussuriensis; Pyrus salicifolia Pall. and Pyrus calleryana Decne. as well as 2800 hybrid seedlings were used as objects for the research. As a result it was determined that all cultivars and hybrid seedlings used in the work regardless of their genetic origin were susceptible to pear rust: cultivars and forms derived from Pyrus communis, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus pyrifolia and interspecific hybrids within the Pyrus L. genus. Intergeneric hybrids of pear with apple, apple with pear, pear with mountain ash and pear with whitebeam showed absolute resistance to the pathogen. Four intergeneric hybrids Malopyrus № 1, Pyromalus № 818, Sorbopyrus auricularis, Sorbopyrus Kuryanovii were allocated as sources for future use in breeding for high resistance to pear rust.

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After initial invigoration by heading, young pear trees show reduction in axis vigour and increased propensity to flower

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp12164 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alla N. Seleznyova ◽

Geegana A. Dayatilake ◽

Amy E. Watson ◽

D. Stuart Tustin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Study ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Experimental System ◽

Fruit Production ◽

First Year ◽

Architectural Analysis ◽

The Third ◽

Primary Axis ◽

Pear Trees ◽

Second Year

Fast establishment of the canopy in young trees, followed by reduced vegetative vigour and precocity are desirable traits in fruit production. Severe heading (cutting back the primary axis of the tree after the first year of growth) to induce branching is a nursery practice to increase early fruit yield. Our aim was to provide a systematic study of the responses of young pear trees to severe heading. We used an experimental system with two scion genotypes and three rootstocks to create trees with contrasting branching habits and vigour. The trees’ trunks were headed and a single bud was allowed to outgrow in the following season. Architectural analysis was used to quantify the development of regenerated trees. In the first year after heading, the growth of the primary axes and, depending on the scion genotype, the sylleptic branching of regenerating trees, were invigorated. In the second year, the percentage of budbreak was also increased, but the shoot growth was greatly reduced. Axis propensity to flower in spring of the third year of growth was increased. The new insights into the effects of heading on tree aging and flowering will be used for guiding the best approaches to managing young pear trees.

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Особенности выращивания сеянцев семенных подвойных форм груши в Крыму

Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie ◽

10.35547/im.2020.21.1.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Y.V. Plugatar ◽

A.I. Sotnik ◽

V.V. Tankevich

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Pyrus Communis ◽

Planting Time ◽

The Third ◽

Warm Weather ◽

Pyrus Communis L ◽

Seeding Time ◽

Pyrus Elaeagrifolia ◽

Root Collar

Приведены результаты изучения влияния сроков посева семян груши обыкновенной (Pirus communis L.), лохолистной (Pirus elaeagrifolia Pall), иволистной ( Pirus salicifolia Pall) и груши Бретшнейдера (Сян-Ли, Мин-Юэ- Ли, Цзы- Ли, Чан-Бай- Ли) на всхожесть и рост сеянцев в школе сеянцев в условиях предгорной части Крыма. Определено, что оптимальным сроком посева семян груши лохолистной и иволистной является третья декада октября груши Бретшнейдера первая половина ноября семена груши обыкновенной лучше сеять в февральские окна, которые присущи погодным условиям полуострова. При выполнении сроков посева всхожесть семян составляет 45 53 6772 85 соответственно, при этом большая часть растений соответствует стандартам, т.е. диаметр условной корневой шейки составляет 410 мм.The paper summarizes study findings on the influence of seeding time on germination and seedlings growth in a nursery in the conditions of piedmont part of Crimea for common peer (Pirus communis L.), oleaster pear (Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall), willowleaf pear (P. salicifolia Pall) and Bretshneider pear (Syan-Li, Min-Yue-Li, Tsy-Li, Chan-Bay-Li).The study determined the third decade of October to be the optimal planting time for Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall and Pyrus salicifolia Pall for Bretshneider pear, the best planting time is the first decade of November for Pyrus communis L. the best planting timeframe is February windows (a period of warm weather in February typical for the climate of the peninsula). The timeliness of the seeding ensures seed germination at45 53 6772 85, respectively. Furthermore, the majority of the plants develop up to standard, specifically: the diameter of the nominal root collar makes 410 mm.

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