Ardisia pyrotechnica (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae), a new species from Borneo

Ardisia pyrotechnica Julius, Tagane & Utteridge (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Sarawak, Borneo. The new species is assigned into Ardisia subgenus Pyrgus based on its inflorescence terminal on specialized lateral branches below the indeterminate primary axis, which is arising directly from the stem. Remarkable for the massive inflorescences subtended by two large elliptic foliose bracts and the large pinkish-white sepals; a preliminary conservation status, photographs and a line illustration are also provided.

The impact of family and society on the motivation of learning among students in high school

The research aims to show the effect of the family and the school on the motivation of learning among students in secondary schools, and which of them has a greater impact on the motivation of learning for students of the family or school or both. So the problem here is that the role of the family and the school has an impact on the educational process and the educational level of the student as for the questions that have been The answer to it through the investigation is what is the role of the family in the motivation of learning among students and what is the role of the school in this motivation or whether the two together have an important role for the motivation of learning and what is the role of the family in raising the motivation of learning and what is the role of the school, and the descriptive method has been used to describe the three cases And results were found that show that the role of the family is the most important role among the axes, because the family is the primary axis in the formation of the individual from childhood until crossing the adolescence role upwards. Very much in raising the motivation of students in learning and the presence of social and psychological counselors in schools has a big role in solving students ’problems in schools and that the role of media and broadcasting organizations has a large role in the learning process as well as the process of rewards used by parents or teachers have a major role in pushing students to Learning.

Deconstructing the mouse olfactory percept through an olfactory ethological atlas

ABSTRACTOdor perception in non-humans is poorly understood. Here, we generated the most comprehensive murine olfactory ethological atlas to date, consisting of behavioral responses to a diverse panel of 73 odorants, including 12 at multiple concentrations. These data revealed that the mouse behavior is incredibly diverse, and changes in response to odor identity and intensity. Using only behavioral responses, ~30% of the 73 odorants could be identified with high accuracy (>96%) by a trained classifier. Mouse behavior occupied a low-dimensional space, consistent with analyses of human olfactory perception. While mouse olfactory behavior is difficult to predict from the corresponding human olfactory percept, three fundamental properties are shared: odor valence is the primary axis of olfactory perception; the physicochemical properties of odorants can predict the olfactory percept; and odorant concentration quantitatively and qualitatively impacts olfactory perception. These results provide a template for future comparative studies of olfactory percepts among species.

Conclusion: Overcoming Diversity

This chapter assess the potentials and limitations of diversity advocacy in open-technology as a site for claiming equal rights, and as a quest for representation. It also evaluates the market logics that accompany advocacy. It reflects on the challenges inherent in centering a project that insists on a redress of imbalances of power around technology, arguing for a project of justice and equity that ironically decenters technology as a primary axis of intervention. The chapter argues that while voluntaristic tech communities cannot singlehandedly attain the scale of the endeavors they hope their interventions will address, they are well-positioned to offer care and analysis that can set a more expansive, yet more rigorous, agenda. It explores a variety of diversity advocates' interventions, which include changing rules and norms in open-technology communities, creating separate spaces for feminist hacking, bringing to the surface other political concerns like militarism and colonialism, and questioning the makeup of open-technology communities.

Nervous System and Tissue Polarity Dynamically Adapt to New Morphologies in Planaria

The coordination of tissue-level polarity with organism-level polarity is crucial in development, disease, and regeneration. Exploiting the flexibility of the body plan in regenerating planarians, we used mirror duplication of the primary axis to show how established tissue-level polarity adapts to new organism-level polarity. Tracking of cilia-driven flow to characterize planar cell polarity of the epithelium revealed a remarkable reorientation of tissue polarity in double-headed planarians. This reorientation is driven by signals produced by the intact brain and is not hampered by radiation-induced removal of stem cells. The nervous system itself adapts its polarity to match the new organismal anatomy in these animals as revealed by distinct regenerative outcomes driven by polarized nerve transport. Thus, signals from the central nervous system can dynamically control and re-orient tissue-level polarity to match the organism-level anatomical configuration, illustrating a novel role of the nervous system in the regulation of patterning.

Of Music and the Maharaja: Gender, affect, and power in Ranjit Singh's Lahore

This article focuses on performing artists at the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (r. 1801–39), the last fully sovereign ruler of the Punjab and leader of what is termed the Sikh empire. After Ranjit's death, his successors ruled for a mere decade before British annexation in 1849. Ranjit Singh's kingdom has been studied for the extraordinary authority it exercised over warring Sikh factions and for the strong challenge it posed to political rivals like the British. Scholarly exploration of cultural efflorescence at the Lahore court has ignored the role of performing artistes, despite a preponderance of references to them in both Persian chronicles of the Lahore court and in European travelogues of the time. I demonstrate how Ranjit Singh was partial to musicians and dancers as a class, even marrying two Muslim courtesans in the face of stiff Sikh orthodoxy. A particular focus is on Ranjit's corps of ‘Amazons’—female dancers performing martial feats dressed as men—the cynosure of all eyes, especially male European, and their significance in representing the martial glory of the Sikh state. Finally, I evaluate the curious cultural misunderstandings that arose when English ‘dancing’ encountered Indian ‘nautching’, revealing how gender was the primary axis around which Indian and European male statesmen alike expressed their power. Ubiquitous in the daily routine of Ranjit and the lavish entertainments set up for visitors, musicians and female performers lay at the interstices of the Indo-European encounter, and Anglo-Sikh interactions in particular.

Building a Body Shape Morphospace of Teleostean Fishes

We present a dataset that quantifies body shape in three dimensions across the teleost phylogeny. Built by a team of researchers measuring easy-to-identify, functionally relevant traits on specimens at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History it contains data on 16,609 specimens from 6144 species across 394 families. Using phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze the dataset we describe the teleostean body shape morphospace and identify families with extraordinary rates of morphological evolution. Using log shape ratios, our preferred method of body-size correction, revealed that fish width is the primary axis of morphological evolution across teleosts, describing a continuum from narrow-bodied laterally compressed flatfishes to wide-bodied dorsoventrally flattened anglerfishes. Elongation is the secondary axis of morphological variation and occurs within the more narrow-bodied forms. This result highlights the importance of collecting shape on three dimensions when working across teleosts. Our analyses also uncovered the fastest rates of shape evolution within a clade formed by notothenioids and scorpaeniforms, which primarily thrive in cold waters and/or have benthic habits, along with freshwater elephantfishes, which as their name suggests, have a novel head and body shape. This unprecedented dataset of teleostean body shapes will enable the investigation of the factors that regulate shape diversification. Biomechanical principles, which relate body shape to performance and ecology, are one promising avenue for future research.

Spectral puzzle of the off-axis gamma-ray burst in GW170817

ABSTRACT Gravitational waves from a merger of two neutron stars (NSs) were discovered for the first time in GW170817, together with diverse electromagnetic counterparts, providing a direct clue to the origin of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). The associated sGRB 170817A was much fainter than typical, suggesting off-axis emission from a relativistic jet. However the observed prompt spectrum is inconsistent with the spectral (Amati) relation and causes the compactness problem in the simplest off-axis model. We suggest that this spectral and energetic puzzle of GRB170817A is explained if the origin of the off-axis emission arises from the off-centre jet. This emission location is generally created by the product of the rapidly declining (with angle) jet energy and the increasing beaming term. Hence the region of most luminous emission for an off-axis observer is neither the jet core around the primary axis, nor the line of sight at the viewing angle. The off-centre jet could be loaded with baryon or cocoon. The off-axis model predicts that roughly ${\sim } 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ events are brighter at smaller viewing angles than sGRB 170817A, although the exact event rate sensitively depends on uncertainties of the off-centre structure. The model also predicts outliers to Amati relation, providing future tests to reveal the central engine activities.

An Emergent Integrated Aging Process Conserved Across Primates

Aging is a complex process emerging from integrated physiological networks. Recent work using principal component analysis (PCA) of multisystem biomarkers proposed a novel fundamental physiological process, “integrated albunemia,” which was consistent across human populations and more strongly associated with age and mortality risk than individual biomarkers. Here we tested for integrated albunemia and associations with age and mortality across six diverse nonhuman primate species and humans. PCA of 13 physiological biomarkers recovered in all species a primary axis of variation (PC1) resembling integrated albunemia, which increased with age in all but one species but was less predictive of mortality risk. Within species, PC1 scores were often reliably recovered with a minimal biomarker subset and usually stable between sexes. Even among species, correlations in PC1 structure were often strong, but the effect of phylogeny was inconclusive. Thus, integrated albunemia likely reflects an evolutionarily conserved process across primates and appears to be generally associated with aging but not necessarily with negative impacts on survival. Integrated albunemia is unlikely to be the only conserved emergent physiological process; our findings hence have implications both for the evolution of the aging process and of physiological networks more generally.