Phylogeny and host associations of the fur-mite subgenus Listrophoroides (sensu stricto) Hirst (Acari:Atopomelidae) with an intriguing example of synhospitality on rats of the genus Maxomys

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre V. Bochkov ◽  
Barry M. OConnor
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Murine Rodents ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Parasitic Mite

Phylogenetic relationships among species of the parasitic mite subgenus Listrophoroides Hirst (Atopomelidae), fur-mites of Asian and African murine rodents, are reconstructed on the basis of parsimony analysis of morphological characters. This group is polyphyletic with respect to the outgroup, subgenera Marquesania Womersley and Paklistrophoroides Fain & Hyland. The mite phylogeny partially reflects the host phylogeny and several groups of closely related species associated with particular rodent groups are recognised. The rajah-group, with 34 species associated with rats of the genus Maxomys Sody, is most diverse. Most Maxomys species are parasitised by a single mite species but some of them harbour a complex of several species. Maxomys surifer (Miller), the most widespread species of the genus, hosts unique species combinations comprising 23 species in different parts of its range. This synhospitality is hypothesised to have originated during Pleistocene isolation of different host populations in multiple rain forest refugia. The current species complexes also reflect later host range expansions. These data are consistent with a hypothesis of Pliocene vicariance in some Sunda Shelf rodents and not with the traditional view of widespread migration across the Late Pleistocene Sunda Shelf. The rajah species-group is revised, 16 species are described as new and three are synonymised.

scholarly journals The Drosophila ananassae species complex: Evolutionary relationships among different members

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Singh ◽  
Seema Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Species Complexes

Information about genetic structure and historical demography of natural populations is central to understanding how natural selection changes genomes. Drosophila ananassae is a widespread species occurring in geographically isolated or partially isolated populations and provides a unique opportunity to investigate population structure and molecular variation. D. ananassae and its closely related species serve as a widely used model in population and evolutionary genetics. The ananassae subgroup belongs to the melanogaster species group. This subgroup contains 22 described species distributed mainly throughout Southeast Asia, with some species expanding into northeastern Australia, South Pacific and Indian subcontinent and Africa. Within the ananassae subgroup, three species complexes-ananassae, bipectinata and ercepeae have been recognized based on male genital morphology. D. ananassae and its relatives have many advantages as a model of genetic differentiation and speciation. In this review, distribution, phylogenies, hybridization, sexual isolation among D. ananassae complex have been discussed. The complex of several cryptic island species provides a useful model for evolutionary studies dealing with the mechanisms of speciation.

Revision and phylogeny of the genus Andocaeculus (Acari: Caeculidae) I: the A. weyrauchi species group

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4945 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-78
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS O. PORTA ◽  
JAIME PIZARRO-ARAYA ◽  
MARTÍN J. RAMÍREZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis

Two new caeculid mite species, Andocaeculus beatrizrosso sp. nov. and Andocaeculus burmeisteri sp. nov., are described and A. weyrauchi (Franz, 1964) is redescribed based on material collected at the type locality. All post-larval stages are described for A. weyrauchi and Andocaeculus beatrizrosso sp. nov. and stochastic variation in the idiosomal and appendages chaetotaxy is considered. A clade of Andocaeculus containing the three species (the A. weyrauchi group) is established based on morphological characters, and confirmed with a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the CO1 marker. As result of the same analysis, the absence of the (st) pair of setae on leg II is proposed as a derived condition for the genus Andocaeculus, and the presence of the φ solenidion on leg IV is a derived condition for some Andocaeculus species of the A. weyrauchi species group. 

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal divergence of the torquatus species group of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Caraballo ◽  
M. S. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Clock Analysis ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Entre Rios

Subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys have experienced an explosive radiation and rapidly colonized the southern cone of South America. The torquatus group, one of the main groups of the genus, comprises several species and species complexes which inhabit the eastern part of the distribution of Ctenomys including southern Brazil, northern and central Uruguay and north-eastern Argentina. This group has undergone a high chromosomal diversification with diploid numbers varying from 41 to 70. The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the torquatus group as well as its diversification patterns in relation to geography and cladogenesis. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome b nucleotide sequences we conducted a Bayesian multi-calibrated relaxed clock analysis to estimate the ages of the torquatus group and its main lineages. Using the estimated evolutionary rate we performed a continuous phylogeographic analysis, using a relaxed random walk model to reconstruct the geographic diffusion of the torquatus group in a temporal frame. The torquatus group originated during the early Pleistocene between 1.25 and 2.32 million years from the present in a region that includes the northwest of Uruguay and the southeast of the Brazilian state of Río Grande do Sul. Most lineages have dispersed early towards their present distribution areas going through subsequent range expansions in the last 800,000 – 700,000 years. Ctenomys torquatus went through a rapid range expansion for the last 200,000 years, becoming the most widespread species of the group. The colonization of the Corrientes and Entre Ríos Argentinean provinces supposes at least two crossing events across the Uruguay River between 1.0 and 0.5 million years before the present, in the context of a cold and dry paleoenvironment. The resulting temporal and geographic frame enables the comprehension of the incidence of both, the amplitude of distribution areas and divergence times into the patterns of chromosomal diversification found in the group.

Taxonomy of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographical region

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2704 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO HITA GARCIA ◽  
GEORG FISCHER ◽  
MARCELL K. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
Zoogeographical Region

The taxonomy of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group is revised for the Afrotropical zoogeographic region. The revision is based on morphology and morphometrics of the worker caste. Twenty six species are recognised of which twelve are described as new: Tetramorium bendai sp. n., Tetramorium boltoni sp. n., Tetramorium intermedium sp. n., Tetramorium kakamega sp. n., Tetramorium mkomazi sp. n., Tetramorium philippwagneri sp. n., Tetramorium renae. n., Tetramorium robertsoni sp. n., Tetramorium rubrum sp. n., Tetramorium susannae sp. n., Tetramorium tanaense sp. n., and Tetramorium trirugosum sp. n.. Tetramorium akengense (Wheeler, W.M. 1922) is revived from synonymy and Tetramorium tersum Santschi, Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kivuense Stitz, and Xiphmyrmex kivuense st. atrinodis Santschi are proposed as junior synonyms of Tetramorium edouardi Forel. All other earlier synonymisations are confirmed here. The species group is redefined and subdivided into three species complexes which are defined and discussed: the Tetramorium edouardi complex (9 species), the Tetramorium muralti complex (8 species), and the Tetramorium weitzeckeri complex (9 species). An illustrated identification key to the Afrotropical species is presented, and for each species diagnosis, description, and taxonomic discussion are provided. Biogeography and important morphological characters of diagnostic value are discussed.

Systematics of the combtooth blenny clade Omobranchus (Blenniidae: Omobranchini), with notes on early life history stages

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4369 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEAN GIBBS ◽  
PETER J. HUNDT ◽  
ANDREA NELSON ◽  
JOSHUA P. EGAN ◽  
PRASERT TONGNUNUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Phylogeographic Break

The combtooth blenny (Blenniidae) genus Omobranchus contains small, cryptobenthic fishes common to nearshore habitats throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Recent molecular systematic studies have resolved Omobranchus as monophyletic but little research has been done to resolve species-level relationships. Herein, phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial (CO1) and four nuclear (ENC1, myh6, sreb2, and tbr1) genes provide evidence for the monophyly of Omobranchus and support for the elongatus and banditus species group. Sampling of multiple individuals from widespread species (O. ferox, O. punctatus, and O. elongatus) suggested that the Thai-Malay Peninsula is a phylogeographic break that may be a historic barrier to gene flow. Additionally, common meristics and other morphological characters are used to describe an early life history stage of O. ferox and O. punctatus.  

scholarly journals Aspects of European Argyra systematics : molecular insights and morphology (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Germann ◽  
Marc Pollet ◽  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Species Groups

We focused on systematic aspects of some of the most common European Argyra species. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses were performed, using three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, and 16S) with ten Argyra species as the ingroup, and three other Diaphorinae as an outgroup. The topology of the trees derived from the two analyses was slightly different but not conflicting and allowed the identification of five species groups corroborated by morphological characters. The Argyra argyria species group and the Argyra atriceps species group encompass the majority of the species and can be regarded as Argyra sensu stricto. The Argyra diaphana species group is characterized by a pubescent scutellum, a characteristic of Lasiargyra. The Argyra elongata species group has previously always been regarded as Argyra s.s., but consistently clustered separately from this clade in our analyses. The Argyra vestita species group corresponds with Leucostola, and is characterized by a bare scape.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

scholarly journals Morphology, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Graceful Prinia is two species

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Alström ◽  
Pamela C Rasmussen ◽  
Canwei Xia ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Chengyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Limits ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Coalescence Time ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Potential Contact

Abstract Prinias (Cisticolidae: Prinia) are resident warblers of open areas across Africa and Asia and include many polytypic species whose species limits have not been seriously reevaluated recently. Based on an integrative taxonomic analysis of morphology, song, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we suggest that 2 species should be recognized in the Graceful Prinia (Prinia gracilis) complex. In addition, our morphological analyses show the existence of a well-marked undescribed form in southeastern Somalia, which we name herein as a new subspecies. Prinia gracilis is a small, drab, long-tailed species with streaking above and plain pale underparts that has been suggested to fall into 2 groups: the southwestern nominate group (from Egypt to Oman) and the northeastern lepida group (from Turkey through India). However, the characters presented to justify this grouping are variable and show a mosaic pattern, and whether genetic and vocal differences exist is unknown. We found consistent between-group song differences, with the nominate group giving consistently longer inter-phrase intervals, whereas the members of the lepida group sing an essentially continuous reel. An mtDNA tree suggests a deep split between the nominate and lepida groups, with a coalescence time between these clades of ~ 2.2 million years ago. Vocal and mtDNA analyses provided evidence that the northeastern Arabian Peninsula taxon carpenteri belongs to the lepida group. We found that, of all the morphological characters proposed, only proportions and tail barring and spotting relatively consistently distinguish the 2 groups. However, these characters strongly suggest that the eastern Arabian Peninsula is populated by taxa of both the gracilis and lepida groups, in different areas, but we lack genetic and bioacoustic data to corroborate this. Although further study is needed in potential contact zones, we suggest that 2 species should be recognized in the P. gracilis complex, and we propose the retention of the English name Graceful Prinia for P. gracilis sensu stricto, while we suggest that P. lepida be known as Delicate Prinia.

Baetis majus sp. nov., new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Far East of Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4965 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO ◽  
XIAOLI TONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Differential Identification ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Western Palaearctic

A new species, Baetis majus Tiunova sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on larvae and reared adults discovered in the Russian Far East. The differential identification of this species was determined by the characteristics of other representatives of the genus Baetis Leach, including subgenera Baetis Leach and Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang from Eastern and Western Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. In addition to morphological studies, DNA barcoding of the described species with average intraspecific K2P distances to nearest neighbours is documented. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of all available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the subgenera of Baetis and Tenuibaetis from four regions. Bayesian analysis using 47 morphological characters additional to partial COI sequences did not allow to determine the species-group of the Baetis genus to which the described species belongs. 

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