Geographic, intraspecific and sexual variation in beak morphology of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) throughout its distribution range

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Lin Liu ◽  
Xin Jun Chen ◽  
Xue Hui Wang ◽  
Fei Yan Du ◽  
Zhou Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Sthenoteuthis Oualaniensis ◽  
Large Distribution

In this study we investigated 745 specimens of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis across a large distribution range to investigate geographic, intraspecific and sexual variations in beak morphology. Beak morphometric variables showed significant spatial and intraspecific differences (P<0.05), with samples from the north-western Indian Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea having the largest and smallest beaks respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the morphological characteristics of squid beaks would be useful for the identification of population structures and sex determination. Environmental conditions may be the major reason for variations in beak morphology between geographic populations throughout large distribution areas. In contrast, genetic differences may contribute to most of the intraspecific variation in beak morphology in the South China Sea. To address this clearly, further research needs to be done on morphology combined with genetic evaluation to compare methods of geographic and intraspecific population identification.

scholarly journals Purpleback Flying Squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea: Growth, Resources and Association with the Environment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Chunxu Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Shen ◽  
Andrew Bakun ◽  
Yunrong Yan ◽  
Bin Kang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sthenoteuthis Oualaniensis

The purpleback flying squid (Ommastrephidae: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) is an important species at higher trophic levels of the regional marine ecosystem in the South China Sea (SCS), where it is considered to show the potential for fishery development. Accordingly, under increasing climatic and environmental changes, understanding the nature and importance of various factors that determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of S. oualaniensis in the SCS is of great scientific and socio-economic interest. Using generalized additive model (GAM) methods, we analyzed the relationship between available environmental factors and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of S. oualaniensis. The body size of S. oualaniensis in the SCS was relatively small (<19.4 cm), with a shorter lifespan than individuals in other seas. The biological characteristics indicate that S. oualaniensis in the SCS showed a positive allometric growth, and could be suitably described by the logistic growth equation. In our study, the sea areas with higher CPUE were mainly distributed at 10°–11° N, with a 27–28 °C sea surface temperature (SST) range, a sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) of −0.05–0.05 m, and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) higher than 0.18 μg/L. The SST was the most important factor in the GAM analysis and the best fitting GAM model explained 67.9% of the variance. Understanding the biological characteristics and habitat status of S. oualaniensis in the SCS will benefit the management of this resource.

A new record of the copepod Xanthocalanus agilis Giesbrecht, 1893 (Calanoida, Phaennidae) from the South China Sea

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Feng ◽  
Z. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
The World

Abstract The genus Xanthocalanus inhabits the intermediate and deep waters of the world ocean. The present study records and describes the first female individual of Xanthocalanus agilis Giesbrecht, 1893, collected in the South China Sea (13°0.21′N 113°0.21′E) at depths of 500-800 m. This species was identified by the following morphological characteristics: (i) rostrum with 2 slender filaments; (ii) posterolateral corners of fifth thoracic somite protuberant and triangular, reaching the posterior margin of genital somite; (iii) first segment of fifth pereiopod (P5) with a list of inner marginal spinules, distal segment short with 3 robust terminal spines. This finding expands the known global and vertical distribution of X. agilis.

First record of a rare copepod Lucicutia hulsemannae Markhaseva & Ferrari, 2005 (Calanoida, Lucicutiidae) for the South China Sea

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249-1256
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Feng ◽  
Z. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Chinese Waters ◽  
Marginal Seta

Abstract The calanoid copepod Lucicutia hulsemannae Markhaseva & Ferrari, 2005 has, until now, only been recorded from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, i.e., in its description as a new species. The present study now reports L. hulsemannae for the first time from the southern basin of the South China Sea (7°59.57′N 113°0.1′E), at depths of 500-800 m. The main morphological characteristics of females of this species are: (i) Cephalosome with a pair of strong, triangular, lateral protrusions; (ii) plug of genital double-somite conical in lateral view, with swollen base; (iii) second urosomal somite significantly wider and shorter than third; (iv) inner marginal seta of second exopodal segment of fifth pereiopod (P5) thin towards its tip. This finding considerably expands the reported global distribution of L. hulsemannae, at the same time updating the checklist of copepods for Chinese waters.

scholarly journals Interannual Variation of the Late Spring–Early Summer Monsoon Rainfall in the Northern Part of the South China Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 4295-4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsing-Chang Chen ◽  
Wan-Ru Huang ◽  
Ming-Cheng Yen
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Major rainfall (≥60%) in the northern part of the South China Sea (between North Vietnam and Taiwan) during May–June (the mei-yu season—the first phase of the Southeast–East Asian monsoon) is produced by rainstorms originating over the northern Vietnam–southwestern China region and the northern part of the South China Sea. As observed in this study, the occurrence frequency of rainstorms and rainfall contribution by these rainstorms undergoes a distinct interannual variation, in-phase with those of monsoon westerlies in northern Indochina and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the NOAA Niño-3.4 region ΔSST (Niño-3.4). This in-phase relationship between monsoon westerlies and the ΔSST (Niño-3.4) anomalies is a result of the filling (deepening) of the subtropical Asian continental thermal low in response to the ΔSST (Niño-3.4) warm (cold) anomalies. Accompanied with this response is a slight southward (northward) shift of the North Pacific convergence zone (NPCZ), which extends from southern China to the North Pacific east of Japan. Thus, a favorable environment that meets the Charney–Stern instability criterion in initiating rainstorm genesis is enhanced (suppressed) by the intensification (weakening) of the monsoon shear flow formed by the midtropospheric northwesterly flow around the northeast periphery of the Tibetan Plateau and the monsoon westerlies. The meridional shift of the NPCZ established an elongated anomalous convergence (divergence) zone of water vapor flux along rainstorm tracks to increase (reduce) the rain-producing efficiency of rainstorms. Consequently, this interannual rainfall variation between northern Vietnam and Taiwan is primarily caused by rainstorm genesis and rain-producing efficiency.

Research progress on the Zhongnan-Liyue Fault Zone in the South China Sea Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziying Xu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Hongfang Gao ◽  
Yongjian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North

&lt;p&gt;We give a review of the up-to-date research situation about The Zhongnan-Liyue Fault Zone (ZLFZ), than analyze the spatial distribution and tectonic deformation feature of the ZLFZ based on the geophysical data including topographic, seismic, gravity and magnetic data. The results show that the ZLFZ has obvious north-south segmentation characteristics in in the South China Sea Basin. The north section, which is between northwest sub-basin and east sub-basin, is a narrow zone with the width of ~16 km, and is NNW trend from 18&amp;#176;N,115.5&amp;#176;E to 17.5&amp;#176;N,116&amp;#176;E. Meanwhile ,the south section, which is between southwest sub-basin and east sub-basin, is a wide zone with the width of 60-80 km, and is NNW trend from the east of ZhongshaBank to the west of LiyueBank. The main fault of the ZLFZ is NNW trend along the seamounts ridge of Zhongnan. the ZLFZ of transition region is NNE trend from the north section to the south section. According the sub-basin&amp;#8217;s sedimentary thickness and oceanic crust thickness exist obvious difference, on both sides of the ZLFZ, we speculate that the ZLFZ play an important role on geological structure of sub-basin. According to the chang of crustal structure, We speculate that the ZLFZ is at least a crustal fracture zone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;South China Sea Basin; Zhongnan-Liyue Fault Zone; Spatial distribution; Tectonic deformation&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Foundation item:&lt;/strong&gt; National Natural Science Foundation of China (41606080, 41576068); The China Geological Survey Program (GZH201400202, 1212011220117, DD20160138, 1212011220116).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Intrusion of the North Pacific waters into the South China Sea

2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (C3) ◽  
pp. 6415-6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangdong Qu ◽  
Humio Mitsudera ◽  
Toshio Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
The North Pacific
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