Life histories of benthic invertebrates in a kauri forst stream in northern New Zealand

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Towns

Life histories of the following 12 benthic invertebrate species were investigated at four sites in the Waitakere River: Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda : Hydrobiidae); Paracalliope fluviatilis (Amphipoda : Eusiridae), Zephlebia (Neozephlebia) sp. and Deleatidium spp. (Ephemeroptera : Leptophlebiidae), Hydora nitida (Coleoptera : Elmidae), Maoridiamesa harrisi, ?Austrocladius sp. and Paratanytarsus agameta (Diptera : Chironomidae), Austrosimulium australense (Diptera : Simuliidae), Aoteapsyche colonica (Trichoptera : Hydropsychidae), Oxyethira albireps (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae), and Olinga feredayi (Trichoptera : Conoesucidae). All species had life cycles which were non-seasonal according to the Hynes model. Comparison with recent studies in southern North Island and South Island streams suggests that non-seasonal life cycles predominate in New Zealand streams.

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Bisset

ABSTRACTNotocotylus tadornae n.sp. is described from the New Zealand paradise shelduck Tadorna variegata (Gmelin), and Notocotylus gippyensis (Beverley-Burton, 1958), is recorded from three waterfowl species in New Zealand. The life histories of both species are shown to involve an hydrobiid snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, as intermediate host. The taxonomic affiliations of N. tadornae and N. gippyensis are discussed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. T. Lill ◽  
Aparna Lal ◽  
Gerard P. Closs

Mysids typically form a large proportion of the hyperbenthic faunal biomass in estuaries and are central to the functioning of estuarine food webs. The population dynamics, annual life histories and reproductive effort of two common temperate estuarine mysids, Tenagomysis chiltoni and T. novae-zealandiae, are described in the intermittently open Kaikorai Lagoon, New Zealand. Mysids were sampled by night, monthly from September 2003 to September 2004. Both species completed their life cycles in the lagoon. There was an apparent spatial separation of breeding populations, with T. chiltoni prevalent in the upper lagoon and T. novae-zealandiae dominating the lower lagoon. Densities were lowest in late winter and peaked in late summer/early autumn for both species. Both species exhibited multivoltine life cycles, with breeding peaks occurring in October 2003, December 2003 and February/March 2004 for T. novae-zealandiae, and October/November 2003 and February/March 2004 for T. chiltoni. Breeding strategy for both species varied over the year with the adult size, brood size and the reproductive effort of both T. novae-zealandiae and T. chiltoni all being highest in spring. The life histories of both T. novae-zealandiae and T. chiltoni in the Kaikorai Lagoon are comparable to life histories described for other temperate estuarine mysid species in large open estuaries, and were not significantly modified to cope with the unpredictable demands of life in an intermittent estuary.


1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brey ◽  
C. Dahm ◽  
M. Gorny ◽  
M. Klages ◽  
M. Stiller ◽  
...  

Depth distribution data were compared for 172 European and 157 Antarctic benthic invertebrate species occurring in the respective shelf areas. Antarctic species showed significantly wider depth ranges in selected families of the groups Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Amphipoda and Decapoda. No differences were found in Polychaeta, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea, where European species also showed comparatively wide bathymetric ranges. These extended levels of eurybathy in the Antarctic benthos may be interpreted either as an evolutionary adaptation or pre-adaptation to the oscillation of shelf ice extension during the Antarctic glacial-interglacial cycle.


2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
V. V. Murina ◽  
Ye. V. Lisitskaya ◽  
V. K. Shalyapin

Author(s):  
Annie Jonsson

AbstractMost animal species have a complex life cycle (CLC) with metamorphosis. It is thus of interest to examine possible benefits of such life histories. The prevailing view is that CLC represents an adaptation for genetic decoupling of juvenile and adult traits, thereby allowing life stages to respond independently to different selective forces. Here I propose an additional potential advantage of CLCs that is, decreased variance in population growth rate due to habitat separation of life stages. Habitat separation of pre- and post-metamorphic stages means that the stages will experience different regimes of environmental variability. This is in contrast to species with simple life cycles (SLC) whose life stages often occupy one and the same habitat. The correlation in the fluctuations of the vital rates of life stages is therefore likely to be weaker in complex than in simple life cycles. By a theoretical framework using an analytical approach, I have (1) derived the relative advantage, in terms of long-run growth rate, of CLC over SLC phenotypes for a broad spectrum of life histories, and (2) explored which life histories that benefit most by a CLC, that is avoid correlation in vital rates between life stages. The direction and magnitude of gain depended on life history type and fluctuating vital rate. One implication of our study is that species with CLCs should, on average, be more robust to increased environmental variability caused by global warming than species with SLCs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Campbell ◽  
Julian Lilkendey ◽  
Malcolm Reid ◽  
Richard Walter ◽  
Kavindra Wijenayake ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Alexenko T. ◽  
Shevchenko I.

For the first time, systematic studies of the structural and functional properties of macrozoobenthos of Lake Zakіtne were conducted. A taxonomic list of macroinvertebrates with their zoogeographical characteristics is given. According to the results of research, 3 types of benthic invertebrate groups were identified and described, of which Oligochaeta-Chironomidae type were the most widespread. Only two species were common to all found groups: Einfeldia longipes and Glyptotendipes glaucus of Chiromonidae family. The calculated biotic indices indicate a fairly high degree of use of existing biotopes by macroinvertebrates, as well as the predominance of species characteristic of the α-β-mesosaprobic zone.The variety of ways and mechanisms of feeding of benthic invertebrates is shown. Collectors, scraper collectors, sedimentators, filter feeders, shredders, predators, as well as macroinvertebrates with an indeterminate feeding type were identified in the trophic structure by the predominant type of feeding. The number of species, as well as their representation in trophic groups, varied in different years, yet 54-73% of them were nonpredatory forms.According to the obtained data, the components of the energy balance for macroinvertebrates were calculated. The active participation in the production of organic matter of Chironomidae larvae (from 29 to 62% of the total production of nonpredatory and predatory forms) is indicated. In some years, Ephemeroptera and Mollusca were actively involved in production. The largest flow of energy passed through insects (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera) and leeches. Attention is drawn to the role of predators, which can significantly reduce the production of groups. High production and food ration of predators do not allow to ignore them when calculating the production of the entire zoocenosis.In average, during the vegetation season, the total production of nonpredatory and predatory benthic invertebrates was 77,89 kJ/m2, and the predator's food ration was 61,80 kJ/m2.Key words:macroinvertebrates, taxonomic structure, trophic structure, community, production, food ration, energy balance. Вперше проведено систематичні дослідження структурно-функціональних властивостей макрозообентосу озера Закітне. Наведено таксономічний список макробезхребетних з їх зоогеографічною характеристикою. За результатами досліджень виявлено та описано 3 типи угруповань донних безхребетних, з яких найбільшепоширення отримали олігохетно-хірономідні комплекси. Лише двавиди виявилися спільними для всіх знайдених угруповань: Einfeldia longipes і Glyptotendipes glaucus (родина Chironomidae).Розраховані біотичні індекси свідчать про достатньо високий ступень використання існуючих біотопів макробезхребетними, а також про переважання видів, що характерні для α-β-мезосапробної зони.Показанарізноманітність способів і механізмів живлення донних безхребетних. У трофічній структурі угруповань за переважаючим способомживлення було виділено збирачів, збирачів-шкребачів, седиментаторів, фільтраторів, подрібнювачів, хижаків, а також макробезхребетних із невизначеним типом живлення. Кількість видів, а також їх представленість утрофічних групах в різні роки була неоднакова, але на 54–73% це були мирні форми.За отриманими даними було розраховано складові енергетичного балансу за макробезхребетними. Вказано на активну участь упродукуванні органічної речовини личинок родини Chironomidae, яким належить від 29 до 62% від сумарної продукції мирних і хижих форм. В окремі роки в продукування активно включалися одноденки та молюски. Найбільший потік енергії проходив через комах (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera) і п’явок. Звернуто увагу на роль хижаків, які можуть суттєво знижувати продукцію угруповань. Високапродукція і раціон хижаків не дозволяють нехтувати ними при розрахунку продукції всього ценозу.Підраховано, що в середньому за вегетаційний період сумарна продукція мирних і хижих донних безхребетних дорівнювала 77,89 кДж/м2, а раціон хижаків складав 61,80 кДж/м2.Ключові слова: макробезхребетні, таксономічна структура, трофічна структура, угруповання, продукція, раціон, енергетичний баланс.


Author(s):  
Pavel Beracko ◽  
Andrea Kušnírová ◽  
Michaela Partlová ◽  
Jana Ciceková

<p>Our study examines community structure and nymphal biology (life cycles and secondary production) of stoneflies in two adjacent mountain streams with different degree of forest cover in the Prosiečanka River Basin (Chočské Vrchy Mts., West Carpathians). One of the streams has non-forested catchment, converted to meadows and pastures, while the other one has catchment with 60% covered by spruce forest. Differences in forest cover and in thermal regime of the streams were reflected by the difference of stonefly communities at their structural and functional level. Species <em>Nemoura cinerea and Leuctra aurita </em>created stonefly assemblage in non-forested stream, whereas <em>Nemoura cinerea</em> also occurred in naturally forested stream together with species <em>Leuctra armata, Leuctra nigra, Leuctra prima, Siphonoperla neglecta</em> and <em>Arcynopteryx dichroa</em>. All examined species had maximally annual life cycle and in eudominant species <em>Nemoura cinerea</em> one month shift was found in nymphal hatching and adult emergence between streams. Total secondary production of stoneflies in undisturbed stream (126.46 mg DW m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) was more than two times higher than the production in non-forested stream (47.39 mg DW m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>). </p>


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