Changes in phytohormone levels following inoculation of two soybean lines differing in nodulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghari Bano ◽  
James E. Harper ◽  
Robert M. Auge ◽  
Dawn S. Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Root Nodulation ◽  
Hormone Transport ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Inoculation

Changes in the concentration of free and conjugated ABA, zeatin riboside (ZR), and IAA in response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation and subsequent nodulation were monitored in xylem sap, phloem sap, and leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams 82] and its hypernodulating mutant, NOD1-3. In this study, pre-inoculation concentrations of phloem and xylem sap ABA and ZR were lower in NOD1-3 than in Williams 82, a difference that was accentuated in phloem after inoculation. The concentration of xylem ABA increased within 6�h of inoculation, while the concentration of phloem and leaf ABA did not change until 48-96 h after inoculation. Leaf uptake of [3H]ABA and distribution to phloem sap was greater in Williams 82 than in NOD1-3 during 48-72�h after inoculation. Inoculation resulted in similar increases in phloem and leaf IAA concentrations in both cultivars. While inoculation increased xylem sap ZR in both lines, the concentration of ZR increased much earlier in NOD1-3. Of particular interest is that ratios between hormones were altered during nodulation. Leaf and phloem ABA/IAA ratios were higher in Williams 82 than in the hypernod mutant, while the phloem IAA/ZR was greater from inoculation until nodulation in the NOD1-3 hypernod mutant. The xylem ABA/ZR ratio, as well as phloem ABA/ZR ratio, decreased in Williams 82 following inoculation, and leaf ABA concentration was elevated. The most noteworthy results of this study, therefore, came from an examination of the ratios between hormones in xylem and phloem sap, and the demonstration that hormone transport may play an important role in autoregulation of root nodulation.

scholarly journals Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4573
Author(s):  
Yuki Ono ◽  
Masashige Fukasawa ◽  
Kuni Sueyoshi ◽  
Norikuni Ohtake ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ureide Degradation

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Soy Leaf Flavonoids on Pea Aphid Probing Behavior

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stec ◽  
Bożena Kordan ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Glycine Max L

Flavonoids detected in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) cause various alterations in the metabolism, behavior, and development of insect herbivores. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) poses potential threat to soybeans, but the effect of individual flavonoids on its feeding-associated behavior is relatively unknown. We monitored probing behavior (stylet penetration activities) of A. pisum on its preferred host plant, Pisum sativum L. untreated (control) and treated with 0.1% ethanolic solutions of flavonoids apigenin, daidzein, genistein, and kaempferol. We applied the electrical penetration graph (electropenetrography, EPG) technique, which visualizes the movements of aphid stylets within plant tissues. None of the applied flavonoids affected the propensity to probe the plants by A. pisum. However, apigenin enhanced the duration of probes in non-phloem tissues, which caused an increase in the frequency and duration of stylet mechanics derailment and xylem sap ingestion but limited the ingestion of phloem sap. Daidzein caused a delay in reaching phloem vessels and limited sap ingestion. Kaempferol caused a reduction in the frequency and duration of the phloem phase. Genistein did not affect aphid probing behavior. Our findings provide information for selective breeding programs of resistant plant cultivars to A. pisum.

Relation between nitrogenase activity and stem or xylem sap ureide content of soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr)

Plant Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Argillier ◽  
Jean-Jacques Drevon ◽  
Mathias Zengbe ◽  
Louis Salsac
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Prevalence of the pit and antipit in the genus Glycine

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 986-987
Author(s):  
R. W. Yaklich ◽  
E. L. Vigil ◽  
W. P. Wergin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Glycine Max L

The legume seed coat is the site of sucrose unloading and the metabolism of imported ureides and synthesis of amino acids for the developing embryo. The cell types directly responsible for these functions in the seed coat are not known. We recently described a convex layer of tissue on the inside surface of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed coat that was termed “antipit” because it was in direct opposition to the concave pit on the abaxial surface of the cotyledon. Cone cells of the antipit contained numerous hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and laminated rough endoplasmic reticulum common to actively secreting cells. The initial report by Dzikowski (1936) described the morphology of the pit and antipit in G. max and found these structures in only 68 of the 169 seed accessions examined.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR ASAL LIMBAH TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA SERTA PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Hendra Saputra ◽  
Intan Sari ◽  
Muhammad Arfah
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Glycine Max L

Penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian Pupuk organik cair (POC) asal limbah tumbuhan terhadap serapan hara N dan P serta produksi tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merrill) di lahan gambut telah dilaksanakan di kampus II Unisi Fakultas Pertanian Jl. Lintas Propinsi Parit 01, Desa Pulau Palas, Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Propinsi Riau. Dimulai dari bulan Agustus sampai bulan Oktober 2013. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan POC asal limbah tumbuhan yang terbaik untuk serapan hara N dan P serta produksi tanaman kedelai di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, 2 tanaman dijadikan sampel. Perlakuan dosis POC limbah tanaman pisang dan POC limbah sayur kol yang diberikan yaitu 0 L/Ha, 200 L/Ha, 400 L/Ha dan 600 L/Ha. Parameter pengamatan yaitu : serapan hara N dan P pada fase awal generatif, tinggi tanaman, jumlah bintil akar, polong hampa, produksi perplot, berat 100 biji dan brangkasan kering. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian POC asal limbah tumbuhan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan hara N dan P, tinggi tanaman, jumlah bintil akar, polong hampa, brangkasan kering tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi perplot dan berat 100 biji.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SEMBILAN KULTIVAR KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merrrill) DI LAHAN SAWAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Siti Wahyuni ◽  
Umi Trisnaningsih ◽  
Meilina Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Glycine Max L
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