O-methylated N-glycans Distinguish Mosses from Vascular Plants

In the animal kingdom, a stunning variety of N-glycan structures have emerged with phylogenetic specificities of various kinds. In the plant kingdom, however, N-glycosylation appears to be strictly conservative and uniform. From mosses to all kinds of gymno- and angiosperms, land plants mainly express structures with the common pentasaccharide core substituted with xylose, core α1,3-fucose, maybe terminal GlcNAc residues and Lewis A determinants. In contrast, green algae biosynthesise unique and unusual N-glycan structures with uncommon monosaccharides, a plethora of different structures and various kinds of O-methylation. Mosses, a group of plants that are separated by at least 400 million years of evolution from vascular plants, have hitherto been seen as harbouring an N-glycosylation machinery identical to that of vascular plants. To challenge this view, we analysed the N-glycomes of several moss species using MALDI-TOF/TOF, PGC-MS/MS and GC-MS. While all species contained the plant-typical heptasaccharide with no, one or two terminal GlcNAc residues (MMXF, MGnXF and GnGnXF, respectively), many species exhibited MS signals with 14.02 Da increments as characteristic for O-methylation. Throughout all analysed moss N-glycans, the level of methylation differed strongly even within the same family. In some species, methylated glycans dominated, while others had no methylation at all. GC-MS revealed the main glycan from Funaria hygrometrica to contain 2,6-O-methylated terminal mannose. Some mosses additionally presented very large, likewise methylated complex-type N-glycans. This first finding of the methylation of N-glycans in land plants mirrors the presumable phylogenetic relation of mosses to green algae, where the O-methylation of mannose and many other monosaccharides is a common trait.

First report of the zoonotic nematode Baylisascaris procyonis in non-native raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Italy

Baylisascaris procyonis is a nematode parasite of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), and it can be responsible for a severe form of larva migrans in humans. This parasite has been reported from many countries all over the world, after translocation of its natural host outside its native geographic range, North America. In the period between January and August 2021, 21 raccoons were cage-trapped and euthanized in Tuscany (Central Italy), in the context of a plan aimed at eradicating a reproductive population of this non-native species. All the animals were submitted for necroscopic examination. Adult ascariids were found in the small intestine of seven raccoons (prevalence 33.3%). Parasites have been identified as B. procyonis based on both morphometric and molecular approaches. The aim of the present article is to report the first finding of this zoonotic parasite from Italy, highlighting the sanitary risks linked to the introduction of alien vertebrate species in new areas. Graphical Abstract

Optimizing The Performance Of Village Owned Enterprises

This study aims to build a model for optimizing the performance of Village Owned Enterprises in the West Halmahera Regency. As a result of all that the existence of BUMDes has not been able to contribute to Village Original Revenue and improve the welfare of the village community as expected by the Village and the Community. To achieve this goal, the researcher used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The results study found two findings that were effective for optimizing the performance of BUMDes. The first finding is that BUMDes must ensure market opportunities, availability of raw materials, product competitiveness, and product uniqueness to develop it is business. The second finding, using the AHP method, it is recommended that the Village of Guaemaadu develop the superior potential of the coastal tourism-based village industry; Hydroponic Farming; Coconut oil; Village Shop; Crafts from Bamboo; Coconut Collector; Hospitality; Processed Bananas; Nature Tourism and Village Bank.

In search of the unexpected: the first finding of an islandic population of the noble crayfish Astacus astacus in Greece redefines its distribution

This contribution presents the first record of the noble crayfish Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Euboea (Evia) Island, Greece. The crayfish was found during a fish monitoring expedition in the upper Mesapios River, in a reach that maintains flow throughout the year, while most of the river length desiccates completely during the dry season. The finding of A. astacus in an intermittent river of Euboea Island expands the species geographical range and calls for immediate conservation actions to protect its habitat and preserve this vulnerable population.

Confirmed occurrence and new records of Sciota rhenella (Zincken, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Pyralidae) in Croatia

Three specimens of Sciota rhenella were recorded in July 2021 in Zagreb, northwestern Croatia. Although the species was previously mentioned in the literature for Croatia, its first finding was published without any given information on the locality and date of collection. As far as we know, the only published information on this species is that it is present in the fauna of Croatia. This paper aims at presenting the first data on the localities and dates of collection of S. rhenella in Croatia. By the provision of new, reliable and evidence-based data, the occurrence of S. rhenella in the country is confirmed. Hereby, a contribution to the knowledge of the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna is also given.

RECONSTRUCTION OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRESSIVE ISLAM IN STUDENT ACTIVITIES

This paper is not only aimed at disagreements with the views of Dina Rafidiyah and Fasho Tio Anugrah and their efforts to develop their thoughts, but also presents a basic concept formula for the application of progressive Islam that is simple and easy to apply in student activities at Muhammadiyah Higher Education. Researchers used a media approach through a globalization perspective introduced by Gill Branston and Roy Stafford in analyzing student activity at Muhammadiyah Higher Education as the object of this study. The conclusion of this study is the provision of material for students' understanding of the concept of progressive Islam and the application of its values that emphasize creativity and innovation through the basis of the Quran in the behavior and cultural life of the campus. This paper also produces derivative findings that come from these conclusions. The first finding is the need for material for students' understanding of the concept of progressive Islam that emphasizes creativity and innovation through the Quranic basis in behavior such as aspect of academic maturity in social media; and aspect of social action in everyday life. The second finding is the application of Progressive Islamic values in the cultural life of the campus through the aspect of guarding and ending learning by studying thematic Quranic verses; and aspect of career assurance and business experience-skills provision.

The Contribution of Staff Discipline and Promotion on the Development of Giwa Local Government Area

The study assessed the Effects of Discipline on Staff Performance in Local Government. The study was conducted in Giwa Local Government Area, Kaduna State. The study is a qualitative research method. Four research objectives were stated with four correspondent research questions and three assumptions. The instrument used for collecting data for the study was focus group discussion. Data were collected from respondents drawn from Giwa Local Government Area. Data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that lack of discipline in the Local Government is sine qua non to the failures in the achievement of the desire, designed goals and objectives of Local Government and as such noted that Giwa Local Government should see discipline as an integral part of staff performance. The first finding showed that, Kaduna State Government through the adaptation of APER (Annual Performance and Evaluation Reports) has conditioned and discipline the staff as those discipline are partially promoted. The study also revealed that discipline has contributed to the development of Giwa Local Government as such recommends that certain incentives should be provided to energize the commitment of the disciplined staff so as to satisfactorily perform their assigned jobs in the Local Government Area.

O-methylated N-glycans Distinguish Mosses from Vascular Plants

In the animal kingdom, a stunning variety of N-glycan structures has emerged with phylogenetic specificities of various kinds. In the plant kingdom, however, N-glycosylation appears as strictly conservative and uniform. From mosses to all kinds of gymno- and angiosperms, land plants mainly express structures with the common pentasaccharide core substituted with xylose, core α1,3-fucose, maybe terminal GlcNAc residues and Lewis A determinants. In contrast, green algae biosynthesize unique and unusual N-glycan structures with uncommon monosaccharides, a plethora of different structures and various kinds of O-methylation. Mosses, a group of plants that are separated by at least 400 million years of evolution from vascular plants, were hitherto seen as harbouring an N-glycosylation machinery identical to that of vascular plants. To challenge this view, we have analysed the N-glycomes of several moss species using MALDI-TOF/TOF, PGC-MS/MS and GC-MS. While all species contained the plant-typical heptasaccharide with no, one or two terminal GlcNAc residues (MMXF, MGnXF and GnGnXF, respectively), many species exhibited MS signals with 14.02 Da increments as characteristic for O-methylation. Throughout all analysed moss N-glycans the level of methylation differed strongly even in the same family. In some species, methylated glycans dominated, while others had no methylation at all. GC-MS revealed the main glycan from Funaria hygrometrica to contain 2,6-O-methylated terminal mannose. Some mosses additionally presented very large, likewise methylated complex-type N-glycans. This first finding of methylation of N-glycans in land plants mirrors the presumable phylogenetic relation of mosses to green algae, where O-methylation of mannose and many other monosaccharides is a common trait.

Subspace Detours Meet Gromov–Wasserstein

In the context of optimal transport (OT) methods, the subspace detour approach was recently proposed by Muzellec and Cuturi. It consists of first finding an optimal plan between the measures projected on a wisely chosen subspace and then completing it in a nearly optimal transport plan on the whole space. The contribution of this paper is to extend this category of methods to the Gromov–Wasserstein problem, which is a particular type of OT distance involving the specific geometry of each distribution. After deriving the associated formalism and properties, we give an experimental illustration on a shape matching problem. We also discuss a specific cost for which we can show connections with the Knothe–Rosenblatt rearrangement.

Integrating High throughput Sequencing into Survey Design Reveals Turnip Yellows Virus and Soybean Dwarf Virus in Pea (Pisum Sativum) in the United Kingdom

There is only limited knowledge of the presence and incidence of viruses in peas within the United Kingdom, therefore high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in combination with a bulk sampling strategy and targeted testing was used to determine the virome in cultivated pea crops. Bulks of 120 leaves collected from twenty fields from around the UK were initially tested by HTS, and presence and incidence of virus was then determined using specific real-time reverse-transcription PCR assays by testing smaller mixed-bulk size samples. This study presents the first finding of turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in peas in the UK and the first finding of soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) in the UK. While TuYV was not previously known to be present in UK peas, it was found in 13 of the 20 sites tested and was present at incidences up to 100%. Pea enation mosaic virus-1, pea enation mosaic virus-2, pea seed-borne mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, pea enation mosaic virus satellite RNA and turnip yellows virus associated RNA were also identified by HTS. Additionally, a subset of bulked samples were re-sequenced at greater depth to ascertain whether the relatively low depth of sequencing had missed any infections. In each case the same viruses were identified as had been identified using the lower sequencing depth. Sequencing of an isolate of pea seed-borne mosaic virus from 2007 also revealed the presence of TuYV and SbDV, showing that both viruses have been present in the UK for at least a decade, and represents the earliest whole genome of SbDV from Europe. This study demonstrates the potential of HTS to be used as a surveillance tool, or for crop-specific field survey, using a bulk sampling strategy combined with HTS and targeted diagnostics to indicate both presence and incidence of viruses in a crop.