Response of Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)) to Bradyrhizobium Inoculation, Lime, and Phosphorus Applications at Bako, Western Ethiopia

Soil acidity and poor soil fertility are the major soil chemical constraints which limit crop productivity in western Ethiopia. In leguminous crops, low productivity is not only a result of declining soil fertility but also reduced N2 fixation due to biological and environmental factors. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the influence of lime, Bradyrhizobium inoculation, and phosphorus fertilizer on soybean yield components and yields and to identify economically feasible treatments that can maximize the productivity of soybean. Factorial combinations of three Bradyrhizobium strains (uninoculated, TAL379, and Legumefix), two lime levels (0 and 3.12 t ha−1), and four P levels (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg P2O5 ha−1) were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The results showed that the application of lime (3.12 t ha−1) significantly increased soil pH (5.6), plant height (77.2 cm), number of primary branches per plant (6.6), 100-seed weight (17.5 g), grain yield (3431 kg ha−1), and harvest index (41%). Similarly, significantly higher grain yield (3228 kg ha−1) and harvest index (41%) were obtained with inoculation of TAL379 whereas Legumefix inoculation recorded the highest number of primary branches (6.7). The effect of P at 69 kg P2O5 ha−1also gave significantly higher plant height (75.5 cm), number of primary branches (6.6), grain yield (3277 kg ha−1), and harvest index (43%). The interaction of P and Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly influenced days to physiological maturity and number of pods per plant. Similarly, the interaction of phosphorus and lime significantly influenced days to 50% flowering. Likewise, the combination of lime (3.12 t ha−1) with TAL379 inoculation gave the highest aboveground biomass. On the other hand, the interaction of Bradyrhizobium × lime × phosphorus revealed that application of 69 kg P2O5 ha−1 without TAL379 inoculation under limed condition significantly resulted in the highest number of nodules per plant (79.4) and number of effective nodules (67.9). Thus, it can be concluded that, particularly in the western part of Ethiopia where soil acidity is a major problem, application of phosphorus with Bradyrhizobium and lime is an alternative option to enhance biological nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean in smallholder farming system.

Information delivery channels and agricultural technology uptake: experimental evidence from Ghana

Purpose: Adequate information is necessary for investments. We use data from a randomized controlled experiment in northern Ghana to advance knowledge on which communication options are most effective for reaching farmers with a new technology (Bradyrhizobium inoculation) to boost adoption. Farmers received information through either video documentaries or radio listening clubs. Joint test of all treatment effects provide strong evidence that the video was effective for inducing technology uptake and increased yields; the radio listening club effects were mostly imprecise, partly due to insufficient statistical power. We conclude that barriers to learning about correct technology usage or benefits constrain adoption.

EFEKTIVITAS STRAIN BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM YANG DIISOLASI DARI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI ENDE TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN NODUL DAN PENAMBATAN NITROGEN PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L.)

Bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. From nodules on soybean plants, bind nitrogen from the air and make it freely available to plants. Amount of nitrogen fixed depends on the ability of a strain to form nodules, nodule effectiveness and environmental conditions. On land – land that had been planted with soybeans, inoculation with Bradyrizhobium bacteria are often not required. To test these lands in the district of Ende, NTT has conducted an experiment with a factor in the design of Randomized Complete with nine treatment groups. The treatment consists of (i) inoculation with the soybean crop in the ground former Ekoae (R1), (ii) inokulasi with soil former soybean plants in Ndona (R2), (iii) inoculation of soybean plants with the soil used in Flores (R3), (iv) Brady rhizobium isolates from soybean nodules in Ekoae (R4), (v) Bradyrhizobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants is in Ndona (R5), (v) Bradyrhozobium isolates from nodules of soybean plants at Flores (R6) (vii) a commercial inoculant legin (L), (viii) fertilizer nitrogen (N), and (ix) Control (K). all treatments were repeated 4 times. Land used in these experiments is the land of Ndona. The experiment was carried out since faculty, Udayana University. The highest percentage of effective nodules on the treatment Bradyrhizobium isolates from sybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Total nitrogen levels at the age of 45 HST in the highest in soybean plants that received 100 kg ha-1 urea and soybeans that have a desolate Bradyrhizobium inoculation of soybean nodules in Ndona (R). Efficiency and levels of symbiotic nitrogen fixation result obtained highest in soybean plants that received an inoculation Bradyrhizobium diisolat soybean nodules in Ndona (R5). Oven dry weight of plants that from the age of 45 HST on all isolates are equivalent to the oven-dry weight of plants at the fertilization of 100 kg ha- 1 urea. The result shoed that the land – the land of Ekoae, Ndona and Fkres have high Bradirhizobium contain bacteria. Bacteria Bradyrhizobium cp. Most numerous in the isolates from soybean nodules in Ndona (R5) the most efficient from effective nodules is 82.26% and as high as the 0.52% N fixate. These results indicate that isolates from Ndona Bradyrhizobiun veeb able to form effective nonudel on yoy beans grown in soil from Ndona. The result also indicates inoculation with a commercial inoculant was obtained not on land – land planted with soybeans used