Osmotic and Turgor Relations of Three Mangrove Ecosystem Species

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rada ◽  
G Goldstein ◽  
A Orozco ◽  
M Montilla ◽  
O Zabala ◽  
...  

The water relations of three mangrove ecosystem species, Rhizophora mangle, Conocarpus erectus and Coccoloba uvifera were investigated in an intertidal zone of the Venezuelan coast. The influence of a salinity gradient (from seashore to inland) and seasonal fluctuations in salinity were studied. Daily courses of leaf water and osmotic potentials and other water relations characteristics were estimated from pressure-volume curves. All species exhibited a decrease in osmotic potential of leaf tissues during the dry season when salinity levels increased in ground water. This osmotic adjustment was due to changes in either the symplasmic water fraction, the osmotically active solutes in leaf cells, or both. Changes in cell wall elasticity were also observed. The cell walls were more rigid during the dry season in all three species. Rhizophora mangle, the species that grows closest to the sea, had much more rigid cell walls than the other two species. The adaptive significance of these mechanisms for turgor maintenance and water uptake in mangrove habitats is discussed.

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110417
Author(s):  
Madhab Naskar ◽  
Ruby Ghosh ◽  
Sayantani Das ◽  
Dipak Kumar Paruya ◽  
Binod Saradar ◽  
...  

Reliability of grass phytoliths for discriminating different deltaic sub-environments has been assessed on the modern surface sediments collected along the salinity gradient of the Sunderbans delta, India. It has been observed that grass phytolith assemblages can successfully distinguish different deltaic sub-environments especially the true mangrove zones from the mangrove associate and non-mangrove zones with minor overlaps, which further corroborated with the results of discriminant analysis (DA). Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) performed on the surface grass phytolith data show that salinity is the most crucial environmental parameter influencing grass phytolith distribution in the deltaic sub-environments. The potential of modern grass phytolith data in reconstructing past deltaic environmental changes has been further assessed on a late Quaternary fossil phytolith spectra from the Sunderbans spanning a sedimentary record for the last ~13.6 ka. A true mangrove environment with discernible tidal influence has been revealed between 13.6 and 3.9 ka. Absence of true mangrove–indicator grass phytoliths between ~3.9 and 2.2 ka further suggests disappearance of mangrove vegetation from this part of the Sunderbans which might have recolonized during ~2.2–0.8 ka. A mangrove associated or non-mangrove environment with little or no tidal influence came into existence in the study area since 0.8 ka onwards. A comparison with some earlier records suggests that the present grass phytolith-based palaeoenvironmental data shows conformity with the past dynamics in mangrove ecosystem in the east coast of India in respect to relative sea level changes.


Author(s):  
Natalia Zapata ◽  
Natalia Zapata ◽  
Mónica Armas

Los manglares son ecosistemas complejos que se desarrollan en ambientes inundados, hipóxicos,salinos y de suelos poco consolidados, su vegetación dominante comúnmente denominadamangles ha desarrollado características morfológicas y fisiológicas que les permiten subsistir enesos ecosistemas. El presente trabajo se basó en la caracterización de los tejidos vegetativosde los mangles Hilairanthus germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Conocarpus erectus, Rhizophoramangle y R. racemosa, describiendo sus diferencias histológicas. Para esto se colectaron hojas, lascuales fueron transportadas y mantenidas en frío hasta su procesamiento. Los cortes se realizaronmanualmente, se utilizó FAA (formol, ácido acético y alcohol), azul de metileno y glicerina líquidapara su fijación y montaje. Posteriormente, se observaron los cortes en microscopio óptico de luzy se midieron los tejidos con reglillas micrométricas. Todas las especies analizadas evidenciaronuna cutícula gruesa, abundante tejido esponjoso y vasos de conducción. H. germinans presentóuna gran cantidad de tricomas piriformes tanto en hojas como pecíolos. En las raíces se observógran cantidad de aerénquima exceptuando por Rhizophora, en este género abundó el tejidoesclerenquimático


Author(s):  
Mauricio Urbina ◽  
Kurt Paschke ◽  
Paulina Gebauer ◽  
Oscar R. Chaparro

Hemigrapsus crenulatus is an abundant and frequent decapod crustacean inhabiting estuarine environments, where it must tolerate large shifts in salinity. The present study evaluates the effect of salinity (5, 13, 21 and 30 psu) on the adult physiological processes related to the energy balance. The growth potential (SFG) and the respired oxygen:excreted nitrogen ratio were used as indices of stress. Ingestion, excretion and respiration rates showed a significant dependence on salinity, being higher at low salinities. The assimilation efficiency remained constant along the studied salinity gradient. The assimilation and ingestion rates were inversely related with the salinity. Given this scenario, the growth potential remained constant within the studied salinity gradient, as did the oxygen:nitrogen ratio. The results suggest that the increased energy losses at low salinity due to respiration and excretion are compensated by an increment in the ingestion rate, contributing to the success of H. crenulatus in dynamic habitats such as estuaries.


1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
M. D. Swaine ◽  
V. K. Agyeman ◽  
D. Blay ◽  
I. K. Abebrese ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1797-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Kutsch ◽  
N. Hanan ◽  
B. Scholes ◽  
I. McHugh ◽  
W. Kubheka ◽  
...  

Abstract. The principal mechanisms that connect carbon fluxes with water relations in savanna ecosystems were studied by using eddy covariance method in a savanna ecosystem at Kruger National Park, South Africa. Since the annual drought and rewetting cycle is a major factor influencing the function of savanna ecosystems, this work focused on the close inter-connection between water relations and carbon fluxes. Data from a nine-month measuring campaign lasting from the early wet season to the late dry season were used. Total ecosystem respiration showed highest values at the onset of the growing season, a slightly lower plateau during the main part of the growing season and a continuous decrease during the transition towards the dry season. The regulation of canopy conductance was changed in two ways: changes due to phenology during the course of the growing season and short-term acclimation to soil water conditions. The most constant parameter was water use efficiency that was influenced by VPD during the day but the VPD response curve of water usage did change only slightly during the course of the growing season and decreased by about 30% during the transition from wet to dry season. The regulation of canopy conductance and photosynthetic capacity were closely related. This observation meets recent leaf-level findings that stomatal closure triggers down-regulation of Rubisco during drought. Our results may show the effects of these processes on the ecosystem scale.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Jose Paulo Santana ◽  
Eduardo Vinícius Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Túlio Vinícius Paes Dantas ◽  
Myrna Friederichs Landim ◽  
Patrício Adriano da Rocha

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica dos bosques de manguezais de áreas urbanas em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, com diferentes tempos de regeneração e intensidades de impacto antrópico. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, foi adotado o método de parcelas múltiplas, sendo seis ou sete parcelas distribuídas equitativamente em dois transectos paralelos em quatro bosques de manguezais nos bairros 13 de julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado e Mosqueiro. Destes, somente o bosque do Mosqueiro não apresentava tensores antrópicos contínuos como descarga de esgotos domésticos, retirada de madeira ou contribuição alóctone de sedimento. Para caracterizar a estrutura dos manguezais foram calculados os parâmetros densidade, frequência, dominância e o índice de valor de importância de cada espécie. Procedeu-se com a comparação estatística entre os bosques avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis quanto a densidade geral e por espécie, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos. Foram identificadas quatro espécies: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle e Conocarpus erectus, que apresentaram diferenças de abundância e dominância entre os bosques analisados. De maneira geral, L. racemosa foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante nos bosques mais impactados, porém no bosque do Mosqueiro, R. mangle foi a mais dominante. Não houve diferenças significativas na densidade, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos, porém a densidade de A. schaueriana e R. mangle diferiu entre os bosques. Em relação à altura, os bosques da 13 de julho e São Conrado apresentaram os maiores valores, ainda que possuíssem o menor tempo de regeneração pós-distúrbios.Phytosociology of mangroves in urban areas: a case study in Aracaju city, Sergipe stateA B S T R A C TThe aim of this paper was to compare the floristic composition and the phytosociological structure of the mangrove forests in urban areas with different levels of regeneration and intensities of anthropic impact. The study was performed in the municipality of Aracaju, Sergipe state, Brazil Northeast. For the phytosociological survey, the multiple plots method was adopted; so six or seven plots were equally distributed in two parallel transects in four mangrove forests in the neighborhoods 13 de Julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado and Mosqueiro. Of these, only the Mosqueiro mangrove did not have continuous anthropic tensors such as discharge of domestic sewage, removal of wood or allochthonous contribution of sediment. To characterize the structure of the mangroves, the parameters density, frequency, dominance and the importance value index for each species were calculated. Statistical comparison was made among the mangroves evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test between general density and by species, diameter and general height of individuals. Four species were identified: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle and Conocarpus erectus, which showed differences in abundance and dominance between the mangroves evaluated. In general, L. racemosa was the most abundant and dominant species in the most impacted mangrove, but in the Mosqueiro mangrove, R. mangle was more dominant. There were no significant differences in the density, diameter and general height of the individuals; however the density of A. schaueriana and R. mangle differed between mangroves. In relation to height, the forests of 13 de Julho and São Conrado presented the highest values, even though they had the shortest time of regeneration after disturbances.Keywords: ecotone, mangrove, forest structure, coastal zone, Brazil northeast.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-12
Author(s):  
Ita, R. E.

Species characterization in relation to edaphic factors was carried out in a mangrove swamp forest using ordination approach (PCA). Vegetation and soil were sampled systematically with a ten 50 x 10 m quadrat. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at the depths of 0 – 30 m while plants were identified to species level and their frequency, density, height, basal area and crown cover were determined. The floristic catalogue revealed a total of 10 species belonging to 8 families. Rhizophora mangle had the highest density value (120.41±16.04 st/ha) while Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mangle and Paspalum vaginatum respectively had the highest frequency value (100%) Rhizophora mangle was the tallest species (11.50±1.37 m) as well as the species with the widest coverage (10.68±1.08 m2/ha). Elaeis guineensis had the largest (1.79±0.05 m2/ha) basal area (0.13±0.04 m2/ha). The use of PCA delineated three principal component axes (VS1, VS2 and VS3). The first, second and third axes were grouped as vegetation adaptation to salinity gradient, niche preference gradient and residual niche preference gradient, respectively. Positive associations showed nutrient levels that enhanced growth while negative relationships showed levels of nutrients that were limiting to plant performance. Conclusively, this study showed that the vegetation and soil factors in this mangrove swamp are highly interrelated, as shown by the magnitudes of correlations between them, hence, highlights that the interactions that govern mangrove abundance may produce different zonation patterns depending on the underlying environmental conditions.


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