Nitrogen plays a major role in leaves when source-sink relations change: C and N metabolism in Lolium perenne growing under free air CO2 enrichment

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Isopp ◽  
Marco Frehner ◽  
José P. F. Almeida ◽  
Herbert Blum ◽  
Markus Daepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
C And N ◽  
Source Sink

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 Swards of Lolium perenne L. were grown in the field in a long-term free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility. The CO2 treatment was combined with two levels of N fertilization and regular defoliation, which resulted in plants with a wide range of source–sink relations. C and N metabolism were investigated to assess the role of carbohydrate and nitrogenous compounds in leaves in indicating source–sink relations. Sucrose exhibited the largest changes in contents during the day–night cycle; therefore, it was identified as the main short-term storage compound for night-time export. Fructan accumulation indicated the degree of surplus C supply in the source compared to C use in sinks. Nitrate content depended mainly on N fertilization, and was reduced under elevated pCO2. Nitrate appeared to indicate a current surplus of available N relative to the need for growth. Amino acid content responded strongly to N fertilization but decreased only slightly under elevated pCO2. Protein content, however, decreased significantly under elevated pCO2. The patterns of diurnal changes of C or N compounds did not differ between CO2 treatments. Down-regulation of photosynthesis appeared to occur when plants were extremely N-limited as under elevated pCO2, low N and at a late regrowth stage.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2121-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Ellsworth ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Elke S. Naumburg ◽  
George W. Koch ◽  
Mark E. Kubiske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Enrichment Experiments

Yield response of Lolium perenne swards to free air CO2 enrichment increased over six years in a high N input system on fertile soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Daepp ◽  
Daniel Suter ◽  
José P. F. Almeida ◽  
Hubert Isopp ◽  
Ueli A. Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Input System ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
N Input

Changes in source–sink relations during development influence photosynthetic acclimation of rice to free air CO2 enrichment (FACE)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman P. Seneweera ◽  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann P. Conroy ◽  
Ken Ishimaru ◽  
Masumi Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Leaf N

Relationships between photosynthetic acclimation and changes in the balance between source-sink supply and demand of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were tested using rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Akitakomachi). Plants were field-grown in northern Japan at ambient CO2 partial pressure [p(CO2)] or free air CO2 enrichment (FACE; p(CO2) ~ 26-32 Pa above ambient) with low, medium or high N supplies. Leaf CO2 assimilation rates (A) and biochemical parameters were measured at 32-36 (eighth leaf) and 76-80 (flag leaf) d after transplanting, representing stages with a contrasting balance between C and N supply and demand in sources and sinks. Acclimation due to FACE was pronounced in flag leaves at each N supply. This was not fully accounted for by reductions in leaf N concentrations, because A/N and Vcmax/N were lower in FACE-grown flag leaves. Acclimation did not occur in the eighth leaf, and A/N and Vcmax/N was not significantly increased in FACE-grown leaves. Soluble protein / sucrose and amino acid / sucrose concentrations decreased under FACE, whereas sucrose phosphate synthase protein levels increased. At flag leaf stage, there was a discrepancy between the demand and supply of N, which was resolved by enhanced leaf N remobilization, associated with the lower Rubisco concentrations under FACE. In contrast to the early growth stage, enhanced growth of rice plants was accompanied by increased plant N uptake in FACE. We conclude that photosynthetic acclimation in flag leaves occurs under FACE because there is a large demand for N for reproductive development, relative to supply of N from root uptake and remobilization from leaves.

Sexual reproduction of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. under free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) at two levels of nitrogen application

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 957-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
A. Lüscher ◽  
C. Hillebrand ◽  
B. Kobald ◽  
N. Spitaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization of rice at three levels of N fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianxin Yang ◽  
Jianye Huang ◽  
Hongjie Yang ◽  
Guichun Dong ◽  
Hongjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

Total soil C and N sequestration in a grassland following 10 years of free air CO2 enrichment

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2187-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS VAN KESSEL ◽  
BAS BOOTS ◽  
MARIE-ANNE DE GRAAFF ◽  
DAVID HARRIS ◽  
HERBERT BLUM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

Nitrogen resorption in senescing leaf blades of rice exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) under different N fertilization levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 418 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Oikawa ◽  
Hitomi Ehara ◽  
Mika Koyama ◽  
Tadaki Hirose ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Senescing Leaf

Initial observations of increased requirements for light-energy dissipation in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) when source/sink ratios become high at a naturally grazed free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) site

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Guo ◽  
Craig M. Trotter ◽  
Paul C. D. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The Face ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
And Control

Although photosynthetic response to long-term elevated CO2 has been extensively studied, little attention has yet been directed at coordinated adjustments between the use of absorbed light for CO2 fixation, and the dissipation of potentially harmful excess light. In this study, we have performed an initial analysis of photosynthetic light use and excess light dissipation in response to grazing-induced variation in the source / sink ratio in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) after 6 years’ exposure to Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE). Before grazing, when the source / sink ratio was relatively large, significant down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity (Amax) was observed in the FACE leaves compared with control leaves at the same stage of maturity. The decrease in Amax partly offset the direct stimulation of elevated CO2 on light-saturated photosynthesis, and was accompanied by a reduction in photochemical electron flow that was accompanied by a large increase in susceptibility to photoinhibition. This was indicated by large increases in both non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the de-epoxidised state of xanthophyll cycle (DEPS), and also by changes in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI). However, no significant increase in the xanthophyll pool size in FACE leaves was observed, despite the apparent large increase in requirements for photodissipation in FACE leaves. After grazing, when the source / sink ratio was relatively small, the CO2 fixation rates in both the FACE and control leaves were, as expected, significantly higher compared with those before grazing, and there was no down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity in the leaves under FACE conditions. In addition, the extent of photodissipation in the FACE and control leaves was not significantly different. Overall, the profile of leaf physiological and biochemical responses supports the hypothesis that the effect of long-term elevated CO2 can be significantly influenced by short-term variation in the source / sink ratio. As the xanthophyll pool size does not change significantly, this poses the question of whether the increased photodissipative demand observed here under even moderately elevated CO2 concentrations may lead to increased plant susceptibility to photoinhibition, and thus to an increased risk of damage to plant function, under conditions of low sink demand. This question clearly deserves further study.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 increases carbon allocation to the roots of Lolium perenne under free-air CO2 enrichment but not in a controlled environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Suter ◽  
Marco Frehner ◽  
Bernt U. Fischer ◽  
Josef Nösberger ◽  
Andreas Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air

Ten years of free-air CO2 enrichment altered the mobilization of N from soil in Lolium perenne L. swards

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel K. Schneider ◽  
Andreas Lüscher ◽  
Michael Richter ◽  
Urs Aeschlimann ◽  
Ueli A. Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Free Air
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